We dont see things as they are; we see things as we are. Anais Nin Take the maple leaf
MEANING
What is Perception?
How we view and interpret the events and situations in the world about us.
Why is it Important?
Because peoples behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.
Perception is
the process of becoming aware of objects and events through the senses.
I. Stages of Perception The process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world.
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PERCEPTUAL PROCESS
Input
Outputs
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You can see a white vase as figure against a black background, or two black faces in profile on a white background
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Ambiguous figures
Can be seen in different ways to make different images. Best known ambiguous figure is Old Woman/Young Woman, by E. G. Boring
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What is Perception?
YOUR
interpretation of reality after information/stimuli is Filtered out Selected Organized Defined .using YOUR existing
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Cont..
Knowledge Needs Beliefs Values Assumptions Attitudes.
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A. Stimulation
1. take in stimuli through the 5 senses 2. we are selective in the stimuli we choose to perceive
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a. selective attention = attend to things that you anticipate will fulfill your needs b. selective exposure = expose yourself to things that will confirm your beliefs
B. Organization
1. proximity = things close together in physical distance are seen as one unit
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2. Schemata = organize material by creating mental templates or structures 3. Scripts = type of schema
C. Interpret-Evaluate
1. assign meaning to stimuli as soon as we perceive it. 2. evaluate stimulus as either positive or negative as soon as we perceive it.
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Men seem to do better at this than women. Average times : Women - 12.46 minutes Men - 1.23 seconds *Hint: The dogs appear to be white with black spots.
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B. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy = strongly influence situations based on how we view and label things
4. Prediction is confirmed.
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C. Perceptual Accentuation = process that leads you to see what you expect to see and what you want to see
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Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at an Elingsh uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer are in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe and the biran fguiers it out aynawy.
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D. Primacy-Recency
1. Primacy-Effect = what comes first is the most influential 2. Recency- Effect = what comes last is the most influential
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Stereotyping
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B. Attribution Errors 1. self-serving bias = only take responsibility for the positive behaviors
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2. over-attribution = single out a couple of obvious characteristics and attribute everything that person does to them
3. fundamental attribution error = over value internal factors and under value external factors of others
V.
A. Analyze your perceptions. 1. Recognize your own role. 2. Avoid early conclusions. 3. Avoid mind reading.
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The End
Unless you want to see some optical illusions.
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