Software

A.S.M. Zahidur Rahman Roll # 78 MBA 45D

Definition
Computer software or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provides the instructions for telling a computer what to do and how to do it.

Classification of Software
Software can be divided into two groups: System software Application software

Classification of Software

Application software
Set of programs designed to solve specific task on

behalf of the user. There are millions of application software.

List of Application softwares

http://www.files1000.com http://www.filehippo.com

Web browsers
Software interface used to point and click through the hyperlinked resources of the Internet.
Opera Firefox

Safari
Google Chrome Internet Explorer

Pie chart of Browser usage on wikimedia

E-mail, Instant Messaging, Weblog

Electronic Mail software used to send and receive electronic messages and file attachments via the Internet, intranets or extranets Instant Messaging (IM) software used to send and receive electronic messages instantly to facilitate real time communication and collaboration. Weblog a short form of web blog. http://www.somewhereinblog.net

Application Package/Integrated Package

Best example: MS Office.
Word Processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics Database Management System Personal Information Manager(PIM): MS Outlook

Application Package/Integrated Package (contd.)

Features of MS Outlook: Store, organize & retrieve information Information can be retrieved as an electronic calendar Show the time-table of a project, dependency of tasks.

Now, better option: MS Project http://www.microsoft.com/project/en-us/project-pro-2010new-features.aspx

Groupware/Collaborative software
Groupware refers to programs that help people work together collectively while located remotely from each other. Programs that enable real time collaboration are called synchronous groupware. Groupware services can include: The sharing of calendars Collective writing E-mail handling Shared database access Electronic meetings with each person able to see and display information to others
Example: IBMs Lotus Notes, Microsoft SharePoint

Software Licesing
There are two types:
Proprietary software.

almost 90% software are in this group. Open source software example: open office www.openoffice.org

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS is a multi client software application delivery model.

Allows users to rent web-based software from the service

providers website instead of buying software licenses. Payment as per usage.

Traditional income sources of the enterprise software companies: Licensing cost Consulting fee Training Vendor Support

System software

System software consists of programs that manage and support a computer system and its information processing activities.

System software categories

System Management Programs programs that manage the hardware, software, network, and data resources of computer systems during the execution of various information processing jobs of end users System Development Programs programs that help users develop information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing

Operating System
An integrated system of programs that manages the operations of the CPU, controls the input/output and storage resources and activities of the computer system, and provides various support services as the computer executes the application programs of users

Functions of Operating System

Resource Management
Programs to manage the hardware and networking resources of a computer system, including its CPU, memory, secondary storage devices, telecommunications processors, and input/output peripherals

File Management
Programs that control the creation, deletion and access of files of data and programs as well as keeping track of the physical location of files on magnetic disks and other secondary storage devices.

Task Management
Programs that control which task gets access to the CPU and for how much time.
Different scheduling algorithms are used: FIFO Shortest Job First (SJF) Round Robin Scheduling Priority based scheduling Multitasking approach that allows for several computing tasks to be performed in a seemingly simultaneous fashion

Popular OS
Microsoft Windows UNIX Linux Mac OS X

Different types of Microsoft Windows OS

MS-DOS

Windows 95
Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows XP Vista Windows 7

UNIX OS
Originally developed by AT&T

UNIX is a multitasking, multiuser, network-managing OS.

Highly portable that allows it to run on mainframes, mini-

frames and personal computers

Dennis Ritchie: Father of UNIX and C http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/

Linux OS
Linux was originally developed as a free operating

system for Intel x86-based personal computers. Limitations of MINIX motivated Linus Torvalds of Finland to develop Linux at free cost. More than 90% of today's top 500 supercomputers run some variant of Linux. More than 95% of the servers and desktops at large animation and visual effects companies use Linux. In September 2008 Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer admitted that 60% of web-servers run Linux versus 40% that run Windows Server.

Mac OS
Latest OS from Apple Inc. for the iMac and other Macintosh

microcomputers. Integrated web browser, e-mail, IM, search engine, digital media player, etc. Latest release: Lion 10.7.3

Programming Language
Machine Language

Assembly Language
High Level Language 4GL 5GL (AI is one of the important characteristics in this case)

Programming Language (contd.)

Language Translator Programs

Assembler:
A computer program to translate between lower-level representations

of computer programs.

It converts basic computer instructions into machine language which

can be easily understood by the processor. Compiler/Interpreter:

Translate source code from a high-level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine code).

Web Languages
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)

JAVA

These are important tools to build dynamic web pages, websites and web-based applications.

References
http://www.files1000.com http://www.filehippo.com http://www.somewhereinblog.net http://www.microsoft.com http://www.openoffice.org http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/dmr/ http://en.wikipedia.org

Reference Books: 1) Management Information System, 9th edition, OBrien 2) Management Information System, 11th edition, Laudon

Thanks for your patience