ELECTRICAL TRANSIENTS

Is the study of characteristics of current, potential drop, power charged, energy dissipation and energy stored across different load parameters as energized by a DC or AC source by means of the activation of a switch.

In general, transient disturbances are produced whenever:

A. an apparatus or ckt., is suddenly connected to or disconnected from the supply. B. a ckt is shorted C. there is a sudden change in the applied voltage from one finite value to another.

Transient Disturbances are classified as follows:

INFINITE TRANSIENT- these are produced when a ckt which is originally dead is energized. SUBSIDENCE TRANSIENT- these are produced when an energized circuit is rapidly deenergized and reaches an eventual steadystate of zero current or voltage. TRANSITION TRANSIENTS- these are due to sudden but energetic changes from one steady state to another.

COMPLEX TRANSIENTS- these are produced in a circuit which is simultaneously subjected to two transients due to two independent disturbances. RELAXATION TRANSIENTS- transition occurs cyclically towards states, which when reached, become unstable themselves

SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. The field circuit of a 4 pole dc motor has a resistance of 200 ohms and an inductance of 100 H. If it is connected to a 400-volt supply, find the time taken for the current to reach 1.5 A. 2. In an RL circuit having a source voltage of 100 V, the resistance is 400 ohms and the inductance is 20 H. What is the time constant? 3. A coil has a time constant of 1 second and an inductance of 8 H. If the coil is connected to a 100 V dc source, determine the rate of rise of current at the instant of switching.

 4. A series RL circuit with R=50 ohms and L=10 H has a constant voltage E=100 v applied at t=0 by the closing of a switch. Find the time at which VR=VL. 5. A constant voltage is applied to a series RL circuit at t=0 by closing a switch. The voltage across L is 25 volts at t=0 and drops to 5 volts at t=0.025 second. If L=2 H, what must be the value of R in ohm? 6. A capacitor of 8 microfarad is to be charged by a voltage of 400 v through a resistor of 100 kohms. How long it will takes for the voltage across the capacitor from its initial zero value to reach 300 v. 7. A resistance R and a 4 microfarad are connected in series across a 200 v dc supply. Across the capacitor is a neon lamp that strikes at 120 v. Calculate the value of R to make the lamp strike 5 seconds after the switch has been closed.

8. A series circuit with 10 ohm resistor and a 50 microfarad capacitor is suddenly connected to a dc source of 120 volts. What is the current at one time constant? 9. A 200 microfarad capacitor is connected in series with a 10 ohm resistor. The circuit is connected to a 24 v battery. What is the initial current when putting the switch on.