Ancient World
Preliterate societies
Mesopotamia 7000 BCE Sumerians 3000 2250
Ancient China
Confucius 551-479 BCE
China's most famous teacher, philosopher, and political theorist, whose ideas have influenced the civilization of East Asia.
Confucius Quotes
I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. Respect yourself and others will respect you. Study the past if you would define the future. Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon and star. Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it. Some of these struck me as timely for this discussion and course. Especially the first one.
Ancient China
Ancient Philosophers
Quest for knowledge = throughout history Aristotle in Metaphysics All men[sic] by nature desire to know
Do you see this with nurses? Give example of how this is supported or not supported
Time Periods
BCE = Before Common Era CE = Common Era or current historical period
Cosmology
Pre-Socratic Greeks Interest in Cosmos (world around them) Mostly Deductive Underlying unity and diversity
Problem of the one and the many In health care - Who gets the treatment?
One with great need costing $$$$ or Many who can be helped in prevention for much less per person?
Classical Greek
Greek
Socrates Academic freedom of right of teacher to teach and learner to learn without arbitrary political authority or countering public opinion Socrates Socrates: Wisest is he who knows he knows not
Plato & Aristotle
Plato Idealist Probed meaning of life Aristotle Realist Purpose of education to cultivate human excellence Higher education started at 21
Socrates
Ideas
Aristotle
Built on Socrates and Plato Speculative (theoretical) sciences = goal of creating knowledge
1st philosophy (metaphysics) physics, mathematics Practical Sciences - focus on ability to act in light of knowledge ethics, politics & economics Productive Sciences - goal to produce something Fine arts, medicine, architecture, rhetoric
Greeks
knowledge for knowledge sake True of nurses? Majority?
Why true or not?
Shift to Sophists
Used empirical, inductive Looked for practical ends Search for Absolute Truth =
Universally True, without doubt, not subject to change
Relative Truth =
Dependent on context, relative to specific context or situation
Which do you fit with? Which do most nurses you know fit with?
Practical End!!!
Syllogism
Thank Aristotle for them Derive Truth from fundamental element of logic
3 statements (simplest truth, basic and final more comprehensive truth or general conclusion and middle connects the first and last)
Syllogism
Classical Roman
Quintilian
Self control and discipline Father primary teacher of children Power of Oratory
Consider commercials, political debates etc. Use in Nursing and Health care?
Philosophy of Education
Look at development in relation to life & times of the philosopher Confucius - response to time of social unrest & practical turmoil Plato - multidimensional nature and basic human questions Aristotle - Natural Realism and ideas on schooling Quintilian - rhetorical education, Roman who incorporated Greek concepts about education
Ancients Today?
What is the enduring impact of
Egyptians Greeks Romans
What if any of these can we use in nursing education today? What of the following All men by nature desire to know The metaphysics by Aristotle
Is this quote true of Nurses today? Why, Why not?