2nd BPT

Muscle Injury

Dr. Mehzabin Ahmed

 Muscle injury
Types:

Cramps

– are defined as involuntary, forced and

prolonged contraction of a part of a muscle,
a whole muscle or group of muscles.
Compared to spasm, cramps are more
forceful and sustained.

Delayed onset muscle soreness

– reversible structural damage at cellular level.

 Muscle injury- types (contd)

Muscle tears (strains):

– Acute:
Incomplete.
Complete.
– Chronic.

Thus tears can be graded as:

– Grade I --- micro tears tender at muscle tendon junction.
– Grade II ---- partial tear.
– Grade III ----- muscle separated from tendon.
 Muscle appears contracted
away from the tendon

Injury leading to Muscle disruption

 Muscle injury- types (contd)
Muscle herniation: This is due to a tear in the
fascia allowing the underlying muscle to
protrude. It may be cause of obscure muscle
pain later.

Denervation atrophy:
– Flaccid paralysis.
– Long standing denervation → Permanent
flaccid paralysis & connective tissue
replacement.

Intramuscular hematoma: Resorption usually

occurs within 6-8 weeks.
 Muscle injury- types (contd.)
Fibrosis
– scarring following sever trauma).
Fibrositis
– inflammation of fibrous connective tissue resulting in
stiffness & pain; it is caused by repeated or prolonged
muscle tension
Bony lesions
– avulsion injuries.
Myositis ossificans
– metaplastic bone formation in the muscles
 Reactions to muscle injury
Segmental necrosis
– destruction of only a portion of a muscle
– followed by macrophage phagocytosis and then
– deposition of collagen & fatty infiltration.

Fiber hypertrophy (in response to increase load).

Regeneration.
Regeneration

Dead muscle Removal by Activation of

tissue macrophages satellite cells

Fusion of satellite Migration of

Myoblasts
cells satellite cells

Myotubes Maturation Muscle fibers

Scar tissue
 Treatment
Transcutaneous stimulation.

Ice.

Controlled exercise.

Analgesics.

Rest.
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