In any modern building, safety has the highest priority and therefore fire detection system is one of the basic components of the structure. Timely information of fire not only helps save lives but also makes it easier to put out fire. Most victims die from smoke inhalation and toxic fumes long before the fire reaches them. So in this project I have tried to implement an automated system to detect smoke and accordingly take necessary actions to prevent death and causalities.
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What we Propose
The objective is to design an automated smoke sensing system that would perform the following tasks:
Sound the alarm if the level of smoke or temperature crosses a permissible value. Open the valve and let out a fire extinguishing gas. Open the doors and windows of the room in which fire has been caused. Send a message to the nearest fire station.
Overall Functioning
We propose to construct a fire fighting system which is controlled by an 89C51RE2 microcontroller. We have created the prototype by using two smoke detectors. The following tasks are performed even if one gets active
The alarm goes off, valve is opened, doors and windows are opened and a message is sent to the nearest fire station. A piezobuzzer has been used to act as alarm with a signal to the buzzer being generated by the microcontroller. The valve used works on the electromagnetic principle. To open the doors and windows, we have used servo motors with appropriate drivers. The message to the nearest fire station would be sent with help of GSM module.
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Technical Specifications
Output Devices
Piezo Buzzer (PS1420P02CT) Solenoid Valve(Normally closed) 50 volts Servo Motors (x6) GSM module
Other Devices
Analog Voltage Comparator(LM 139) (x2) Relay Driver (ULN2803) Relay Board (307V2) Motor Driver LMD 18200(x6)
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Design of Connections
6 Servo Motors with drivers to control the opening/closing of 2 Doors and 4 Windows 1 Buzzer to sound the alarm
Comparator used to convert the analog output of the sensors to digital such that (If Vr > Vt => 0 else 1 where Vr = Sensor output, Vt=Threshold Voltage 0.4V)
As soon as one of the inputs become inactive, we close the valves, switch off the buzzer and reverse the motor direction to close the doors and windows.
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INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS
THE MICRO-CONTROLLER
A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated P) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems.
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Sensitive material of MQ-2 gas sensor is SnO2, which has lower conductivity in clean air.
When the target combustible gas exist, The sensors conductivity increases along with the gas concentration rising.
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Servo-Motors
A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control of angular position. It consists of a motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback, through a reduction gearbox. Servomotors are used in applications such as robotics, machinery or automated manufacturing.
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A buzzer is an audio signaling device. A piezoelectric element may be driven by an oscillating electronic circuit. Sounds commonly used to indicate an alarm, a ring or a beep.
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This is a powder based agent that extinguishes any kind of fire. It prevents the chemical reactions involving heat, fuel, and oxygen and halts the combustion, thus extinguishing the fire. Composition:
1. Mono-ammonium phosphate
2. Sodium bicarbonate 3. Potassium bicarbonate
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CONTROL PANEL: it contains the micro controller and its ports EXTINGUISHR: dry powder extinguisher SERVO-MOTORS: used to control the opening and closing of doors
The Keil MDK-ARM Microcontroller Kit is a complete software development environment for the wide range of microcontroller devices. It's easy to learn and use.
Keil C51 is the industry-standard tool chain for all 8051-compatible devices. The Vision IDE/Debugger integrates complete device simulation, interfaces to many target debug adapters, and provides various monitor debug solutions.
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Conclusion
This project, when completely implemented, will be of great significance to the security of any particular institution.
A lot of features have been added to the prototype to ensure maximum safety. However, the project is completely flexible towards addition of new features.
Many kind of fire fighting systems are present in the market these days but none of them provide all the features as incorporated by us. We, to our level best, have tried to keep our project cost efficient so that even the mass production of it in future remains a possibility.
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