BIOTECHNOLOGY-DEFINITION!
What is Biotechnology?
Biotechnology may be defined as a set of modern tools that utilize living organisms or parts of it cell or tissue or genes/DNA to make or modify or improve plants or animals or develop microorganisms for specific use and their large scale production. Industrial use of recombinant DNA
Traditional Biotechnology
Biotechnology has been employed by humans for millenia. Examples include production of beer, cheese ans bread
New Biotechnology Recent development in molecular biology have given biotechnology a new meaning, new horizon and new potential through use of recombinant DNA technology
Milestones in Biotechnology
1950-1960- DNA Strucure unfolded 1960-1970- Plant Tissue Culture Plant Protoplast Reverse transcriptase 1970-1980- Restriction Enzymes Gene Cloning Agrobacterium in Plant transformation 1980-1990- PCR Technology GM Insulin 1990-2000- Dolly sheep, Animal Cloning, GM
Transgenic Plants
More than 4000 plants have been developed with GE methods with new characteristics Tolerant to freeze Modification of ripening or softening Shel life increase Modification of sweetening of fruits
Food ingredients
Amino acids Vitamins Sweetening agents Organic acids Antimicrobial agents Flavouring agent i.e. MSG Various enzymes
Transgenic Animals Transgenic animals for increased milk, meat and pharmaceutical products
-Cancer imaging agents -Recombinant dairy products - Autoimmune therapeutics - Diabetes therapy
- Growth/healing proteins
Human insulin Human growth hormone Alpha interferon Hepatitis B vaccine Interleukin AIDS treatment
Agricultural Drugs & Feedstocks & Pharmaceuticals Devices & Chemicals Equipment
Medicinals & botanicals
Pharmaceutical preparations Diagnostic substances Biological products Laboratory apparatus & furniture Surgical, medical, dental, & analytical instruments & equipment X-ray & electromedical equipment
BiotechMedical Wheels
Fertilizers
Other agricultural chemicals
Specialty hospitals
Medical & dental laboratories
Product-Oriented
Service-Oriented
17% 17%
37% 37%
33%
33%
Agricultural Feedstock & Chemicals Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Medical Devices & Equipment
It is estimated that by 2010 the market for this segment will touch US$ 100 billion
GM Crops 2011
This is a historical landmark in that it is the first time for more than 160 million hectares of biotech crops to be grown in any one year. In order to appropriately account for the use of two or three "stacked traits", that confer multiple benefits in a single biotech variety, is 15% higher than the estimate of 160 million hectares.
Key Points
Biology is in a fundamental revolution as knowledge acquisition is exponential Post genomic pharmaceutical (targeted drugs) are based on Human genome at the chromosomal level Advent of computer power Robotics New automated models Nano technologies
Key Points
The biotechnology promise Increase agricultural productivity Increase pharmaceutical specificity Reduce hunger Improve Healthcare This technology will move therapeutic from symptomatic treatment to diseasemodifying new medicine
Key Points
Gene - environment interaction
Through knowledge of genomics and proteomics targeted drugs (not based on Symptoms) can be created.
Key Points
The activation of research groups in the south promoted by major research institute based in developed countries by providing stable funding for these groups. This approach could make possible the development of new therapeutic drugs and vaccines designed specifically for LDCs related
Key Points
Technology transfer which seems to be a gateway to a new and promising economic development in those countries where a good level of entrepreneurship is already able to promote and produce innovations
Key Points
Public awareness has to be promoted to balance fears and opportunities. Each country should be able to sort out the benefits from the hazards of biotechnology; recognizing ethical concern and helping the public make more informed choices. This could help foster international cooperation in biotechnology research
Agriculture sector
Health sector
Industry sector
Energy sector
Environment sector
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Located in Ganobari, Savarin the campus of Atomic Energy Research Establishment Total Floor space of the laboratories : 2250 sq. m. Number of Laboratory : 6
Total number of scientists to work : 100 at the moment less than 10 scientists
THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY Bangladesh has adopted the National Biotechnology Policy in July 2006 to accelerate multidimensional biotechnological research for augmenting human welfare in all respects such as food security, health and a sound environment in particular. The NIB is intended for the application of biotechnologybased technologies as per guidelines of National Biotechnology Policy. The tools of biotechnology are currently being applied across the biological sciences to address problems in agricultural crop improvement, marine sciences and aquaculture, environment, pharmacy, forensics and public health.
National Institute of Biotechnology is situated at Ganakbari beside Shreepur Kasampur road, at a total area of 11.5 acre of land. NIB will act as a National focal point to co-ordinate biotechnological activities in the country. The institute deserves its contribution for upgrading the socioeconomic development of the country through developing of high yielding varieties of crops, generation of employment, poverty alleviation, women empowerment, human resource development and awareness creation about the importance of application of biotechnology in agriculture, environment, health and industrial sectors.Research Divisions of NIB
Plant tissue culture for large-scale multiplication of rare, endangered, flower and fruit plant. Development of pathogen free, insect-pest and environment stress resistant plant through tissue culture and genetic transformation. Molecular characterization of local plant species
Plant Tissue Culture Plant GeneticTransformation Plant Breeding DNA fingerprinting of plants Marker aided selection of plants Management of crops pest and pathogens
2. Microbial biotechnology Division Genetic improvement of industrial microorganisms Production of enzymes, chemicals and other biotech products of industrial importance Development of biotech pharmaceutical products Protein Engineering
Characterization, selection, conservation and genetic improvement of animal through modern biotechnological methods Production of biotech-derived therapeutics / diagnostic kits, antibiotics and vaccines
>Improvement of feed quality through biotechnological approaches Preservation technique of animal products.
Gene library construction of critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable fishes of Bangladesh Pure Gene line (Inbreeding) preparation for carp and other fishes. Development of improved strains of fish through selective Breeding Production of Sustainable variety (out breeding) of Critically Endangered Fish Production of transgenic fish through gene manipulation Selective production of Monosex fish populations (all male or all female) Storage of fish sperms and embryos by freezing Characterization of fish using molecular markers Production of Biotech improved fish feed
Environmental Biotechnology Division Development of biopesticides, biofertilizer and bioremediation agents Development of appropriate waste management programme Evaluation of ecological impacts of transgenic organisms Preservation, development and long term conservation of bioresources Alternative energy from renewable bioresources Biofertilizer for different crops Alternative energy from renewable bioresources bio-remediation agents Bio-mineralization process bio-indicators and bio-pesticides
Molecular Biology Division Vector preparation Cloning Gene expression study DNA fingerprinting and profiling cDNA library, genomic DNA library and gene bank construction Sequencing of genes and DNA of interest
NIB will play a very important role in the filed of biotechnological research for agricultural, environmental, medical, food and industrial development of the country. The Institute is intended for the application of biotechnology-based technologies as per guidelines of National Biotechnology Policy. The tools of biotechnology are currently being applied across the biological sciences to address problems in agricultural crop improvement, marine sciences and aquaculture, environment, pharmacy, forensics and public health.
NECB
National Executive Committee on Biotechnology with Proncipal Secretary to the Prime Minister as Chair 12 Members including two expert members Secretary, S&T is the member Secretary, NECB
8. NTC on Biosafety
Conclusion
It is encouraging to note that Biotechnology has been take as a thrust area like ICT by the present government. The initiatives at the highest level of the Policy makers may result in some fruitful biotechnology work at all levels Promotion of appropriate Biotechnology will play a significant role in Poverty alleviation, Food security, improved health and environment and overall socioeconomic development of the country
Strategic Roadmap
Strategic Roadmap to implement National Biotechnology Policy has been drafted containing strategic goals, policy support, human development and research and innovations in some selected areas of biotechnology with short, medium and long term activities by the relevant agencies
Strategic Roadmap
In each of these areas action plans for short, medium and long term implementation have been developed with strategy actions like regulatory measures institutional capacity building and strengthening and Priority research programmes for the implementing agencies
Strategic Roadmap
Also includes biotech entrepreneurship development, awareness creation programme
Biotechnology Incubator
Objective; Establishment of internationally acceptable GMO testing and certifying centre Establishment of an analytical facilities and providing necessary assistance for commercialization of biotechnology resarch
National Biotechnology Policy 2006 and Draft National Biotech Policy 2012
Preamble
Biotechnology includes Any technological application that uses biological system, living organisms or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or processes for specific use Has helped increase productivity in crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry Spectacular development has taken place in medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology and fermentation technology
World Scenario
Last 20-25 years have been the golden age of Biotechnology DNA technology has strongly captured the market in pharmaceutical field with hitherto unknown genetically engineered drugs, In agriculture, animal health, fermentation and environment protection significant achievement has taken place globally
Vision
Sustained food ,health and livelihood and health security through environment friendly biotechnology research and development Establishing research-extension-end user linkage and public-private-partnership Meet millennium Development Goals through promotion of conventional and modern Biotechnologies for socio-economic development
Goal
The main goal of the NAIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY POLICY would be to ensure sustainable development of agriculture-food, nutrition, health, environment and livelihood of people through strengthening national capacity in conventional as well as modern biotechnology, biosafety, bioethics, IPR and biosurveillance
Objectives
Bio-resources Inventory Infrastructure development Human resource development Bioinformatics Bio-safety, Bioethics, IPR Entrepreurship development Public Private -Partnership
Policy Statements
Infrastructure Development Human Resource Development Identification of priority areas of Biotechnology Research and Development Funding Mechanisms for Biotechnology Research
Creation of Enabling Environment for Biotechnology Enterprise Commercialization Management of Intellectual Property Indigenous Community Knowledge and IPR Bio-safety, Bio-surveillance and Bio-ethics Regional and International Collaboration Public Awareness measures For Transparency in Biotechnology Work
Policy Statements(contd.)
Commercialization Management of Intellectual Property Indigenous Community Knowledge and IPR Bio-safety, Bio-surveillance and Bio-ethics Regional and International Collaboration Public Awareness measures For Transparency in Biotechnology Work
Biosafety Aspects
Ministry of Environment and Forest is the Focal Ministry for dealing with all aspects related to biosafety The Biosafety Guidelines has been re-examined and updated Work in progress on Biosafety Framework Biosafety Act formulation may take some time