The job of the coal yard department is to transport the coal from
wagons to the bunker in the power plant.
The rack which transports the coal consists of mostly 58 wagons which
contain about 3500-4000 tones of coal.
When the plant operates on its full load conditions it needs 3 racks that is
about 1200 tones of coal.
When the rack enters the plant it passes through the WEIGH BRIDGE
which records the amount of coal loaded in the rack.
WAGON TIPPLER
The wagon tippler is used for tipping the
wagon in order to empty the coal from the wagon.
TRANSPORTATION OF COAL
Coal is supplied to apron feeder through the conveyer belt. Apron feeder is rugged and dependable and is designed to receive and
control the flow of material from bins and hoppers.
From the apron feeder it goes to tribal conveyor. From that it goes to double roll crusher which converts big coal into
small lumps.
From there it goes to shuttle conveyor which shifts the coal for feeding
from one belt to other when there is a problem in that belt.
TRANSFER TOWER
Coal transfer to conveyor belt 11A/11B to conveyor belt 12A/12B in transfer
tower .
Ims is half of electro magnetize of rotating bed hence it can extract iron
particles from coal and prevent boiler from damage.
Roller screen is suitable for separating coarse, wet, sticky and clay raw
material.
coal which is smaller directly goes to the belt feeder and bigger lumps go to
the ring grinder which crush the coal and send it to the belt feeder.
If there is need of coal in the bunker it will go to the belt 16a/16b.if no need
in the bunker and the coal is imported then it will go to the stacker reclaimer belt no.13a/13b..
VIBRATING FEEDER
When two belts are offset to each other then the coal is transferred from on
belt to another belt by vibrating feeder as per its name it vibrate and so the coal is transferred through offset belts.
Vibrating Feeders protect the belt conveyors from damage by feeding the
material onto the belt conveyors from storage hoppers, silos, surge hoppers and dumpers at a controlled rate.
TRANSPORTATION OF COAL
After transfer tower 5 and/or junction tower 2 coal is supplied to
coal mill from bunkers.
Each bunker has six coal mills, hence there are total eighteen coal
mills.
. The terms regenerative and recuperative frequently apply to heat recovery processes involving energy that would otherwise be rejected in so fashion. The term regenerative describes a stage of feed water heating with steam thus, returning best to the steam cycle from which it came. Required for the heating process has an opportunity to generate an increment of power en route to the heater. For maximum cycle efficiency, the feedwater tempereture on entry to the boiler would equal the temperature of the boiler water itself. Since this was noted to be an infinite number of heat addition steps, it is not practical nor it is attempted. Regenerative feedwater heating can include low-pressure heaters upstream of the deaerator, the deaerator itself, and high-pressure units between the deaerator and the boilers
WATER WALLS
WATER WALL PLATEN
BURNERS
IGNOTORS
STATION)
Fuel
LIGHT DIESEL OIL (LDO)
LDO comes through tankers and is stored in the main LDO storage tank. By using a centrifugal pump it is transferred from the tank to the boiler furnace. At the fuel feeding station in the power plant LDO+AIR are sprayed in the furnace through the guns or igniters. So the fuel burns and helps in raising temperature of the furnace. The calorific value of LDO used is 10,700kcal/kg.
Fuel
COAL
Raw coal from the raw coal bunker is supplied to the Coal Mills by a Raw Coal
Feeder. The Coal Mills or pulverizer pulverizes the coal to 200 mesh size. The powdered coal from the coal mills is carried to the boiler in coal pipes by high pressure hot air. The pulverized coal air mixture is burnt in the boiler in the combustion zone. Generally in modern boilers tangential firing system is used i.e. the coal nozzles/ guns form tangent to a circle. The temperature in fire ball is of the order of 1300 deg.C.
Coal Mill
In coal-fired power plants coal mills are used
to Pulverize and dry the coal before it is blown into The boiler furnace. The coal is fed into the coal mill through a central inlet pipe where gravity is used to lead the coal to the bottom of the mill, where the grinding table and some heavy rollers pulverizes the coal to the particles.
Firing Method
Tangential Fire in chamber Different chamber at diff. elevation
Total coal flow is distributed among running mills and fed thru coal
burners at 20-25 m/sec.
Coal flow is arranged in tiers. Maximum heat release rate must not
exceed plain area heat loading. It generates excessive NOx and making ash fused.
Cycle
Economiser
It is located below the LPSH in the boiler and above pre heater. It is there to improve the efficiency of boiler by extracting heat from flue gases to heat water and send it to boiler drum.
Boiler Drum
After
leaving the economizer, the feedwater reaches the drum, which is a cylindrical vessel at the top of the boiler circulation through downpipes into the boiler
From here the water flows by natural Saturated steam collects here ready to go
to the superheater
Air Pre-heater
The heat carried out with the flue gases
coming out of economizer are further utilized for preheating the air before supplying to the combustion chamber.
Re-heater
Power plant furnaces may have a
re-heater section containing tubes heated by hot flue gases outside the tubes.
Natural draught
When the gas within the stack is hot, its specific weight will be less
than the cool air outside; therefore the unit pressure at the base of stack resulting from weight of the column of hot gas within the stack will be less than the column of extreme cool air.
Mechanized draught
There are 3 types of mechanized draught systems
1) 2) 3)
Balanced draught
In this system both FD fan and ID fan are provided.
Duct
FD Fan
Duct
APH
Duct
Furnace
Back pass
Duct
Duct
APH
ESP
ID Fan
Chimney
+ 150
mmwcl
-5
mmwcl
- 73
mmwcl
- 221
mmwcl
+ 36
mmwcl
1 steam pipeline 2 inlet control valve 3 nozzle chamber 4 nozzle-box 5 outlet 6 stator 7 blade carrier 8 casing
9 rotor disc 10 rotor 11 journal bearing 13 thrust bearing 14 generator rotor 15 coupling 16 labyrinth packing 19 steam bleeding (extraction)
21 bearing pedestal 22 safety governor 23 main oil pump 24 centrifugal governor 25 turning gear 29 control stage impulse blading
WORKING
High Pressure Turbine
Boiler Reheater
High pressure steam at 540C and After expanding through the high pressure turbine the exhaust steam is returned to the 147 bar pressure passes through the boiler at 335C and 35 bar pressure for high pressure turbine. The exhaust reheating before being used in the steam from this section is returned to intermediate pressure turbine. the boiler for reheating before being used in the next section of the turbine The Reheater reheats the steam from a set. temperature of 335C back to 540C The blades in the high pressure turbine are the smallest of all the turbine blades, this is because the incoming steam has very high energy and occupies a low volume. The blades are fixed to a shaft and as the steam hits the blades it causes the shaft to rotate.
The steam has expanded and has less energy when it enters this section, so here the turbine blades are bigger than those in the high pressure turbine
The blades are fixed to a shaft and as the steam hits the blades it causes the shaft to rotate Low Pressure Turbine From the intermediate pressure turbines, the steam continues its expansion in the three low pressure turbines. The steam entering the turbines is at 300C and 6 ksc pressure
To get the most work out of the steam, exhaust pressure is kept very low, just 50 mille-bar above a complete vacuum
The tip speed of the largest blades with the shaft spinning at 3,000 revolutions per minute is 2,000 kmph
The most common types of ash include bottom ash, bed ash, fly ash and ash
clinkers resulting from the combustion of coal, wood and other solid fuels
What is Ash?
Burning of pulverized coal in the furnace results in the generation of large
quantity of ash.The average ash content in Indian coal is 40%
Bottom Ash
The ash which is directly collected from bottom of boiler is called bottom
ash.
Bottom ash directly falls down in water filled hopper due to gravity.
Fly Ash
Fly ash, also known as flue-ash, is one of the residues generated
in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue gases percentage of fly is 80% of total ash.
Ash Collections
To
achieve the above objectives, Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) is used. As they are efficient in precipitating particle form submicron to large size.
Electrostatic Precipitator
Least maintenance
Chimney
CHIMNEY
A chimney is a structure which provides ventilation for hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the outside atmosphere. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney effect. The chimney is 94.5 meters' high and 50,000 tonnes of reinforced concrete were used to make it It consists of flues each of which serve typically two or three boilers (two units) Induced Draught (ID) Fan Two induced draught fans draw gases out of the boiler The gas has already passed through the air heaters and precipitators before it has reached these fans The heat from the flue gases or smoke is used in the air heaters to heat up the primary and secondary air.
TURBINE EFFICIENCY
COOLING TOWER
CHIMNEY
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