Mrs.

Howells Grade 9 Science: Acton District High School

450 BC 400 BC 350 BC

500-1600 AD

1650 AD Late 1700s

1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1903AD 1911AD 1922AD

Beyond

The idea started around..

About 450 BC
The Greek philosopher

Empedocles
stated that matter consists of four elements -earth, air, fire & water450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1903AD 1911AD 1922AD

But about

About 400 BC
The Greek philosopher Democritus developed the first atomic hypothesis. - All matter be subdivided only to a certain point, at which only atoms remain. Atomos- Greek word for indivisible
450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1903AD 1911AD 1922AD

Unfortunately...

About 350 BC
The Greek philosopher

Aristotle
opposed Democritus' idea of atoms and dismissed it as worthless and promoted the 4 element model. Because of Aristotles great influence in the science world, this concept about matter lasted for more than 2000 years.
450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1903AD 1911AD 1922AD

A.D. 500-1600
Arabian, Chinese and European

Alchemists
studied matter, experimenting with different chemical substances. They devised the system chemical symbols. -but they still used the four element system450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1903AD 1911AD 1922AD

A.D. 1650-1700s
Robert Boyle Antoine Lavoisier Joseph Priestley Henry Cavendish
Found that matter such as air and water were made of a mixture of pure substances.
Their research promoted the idea of matter being made of elements and disproved the idea of the four element system .
450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD 1922AD

1808 A.D.
British scientist

John Dalton
Pictured the atom as a tiny, indivisible sphere much like a billiard ball.

Further developed the idea of atom particles in his atomic theory .

450 BC 400 BC 350 BC

500-1600 AD

1650 AD Late 1700s

1808AD 1855AD 1879AD

1897AD

1898AD

1911AD 1922AD

Dalton's Atomic Theory - 1808

All elements are composed of atoms (indivisible particles) All atoms of the same element are identical - in particular they have the same mass. The atoms of one kind of element are different from the atoms of all other elements - in particular the atoms of one element have a different mass than those of other elements. Atoms are indestructible and retain their identity in chemical reactions. Compounds are formed by joining atoms in specific whole number ratios.

1855 A.D.
German scientist

Heinrich Geissler
A glassblower and
inventor of the sealed glass tubes that pumped out air and discharged electricity through gases. -his invention helped lead to the next two atom discoveries1650 AD Late 1700s

450 BC 400 BC 350 BC

500-1600 AD

1808AD 1855AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1903AD 1911AD 1922AD

1879 A.D.
British scientist

William Crookes
Discovered as the pressure was lowered in a electric gas discharge tube, the negative end appeared to emit rays, now known to be a stream of free electrons. This stream also could push a tiny windmill in the tube.
Discovery of charged particles and that they had mass .
450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1855AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD 1922AD

1897 A.D.
British scientist

J.J. Thomson
Experimented on the streams of particles using magnets and electric current and discovered the pieces of atoms we know as electrons and protons.
- Proposed the raisin bun model of the atom. Positive charged sphere with negatively charged particles embedded in it450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD 1922AD

1896-1898 A.D.
French (Polish) scientists

Henri Becquerel Pierre & Marie Curie

Experimented with natural radioactivity. - Their work and the materials they discovered greatly helped the next proposed model of the atom -

450 BC 400 BC 350 BC

500-1600 AD

1650 AD Late 1700s

1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD

1922AD

1911 A.D.
New Zealand scientist

Ernest Rutherford
Experimented with a radiation source that sent out alpha particles through a thin piece of gold foil to a detector screen that glowed when it was hit.

Most particles passed through the foil, but 1 in 8000 bounced back!
450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD 1922AD

1911 A.D.
Ernest Rutherford
Proposed that if the particles bounced back that the atom must consist of a tiny, dense, positive core called a nucleus and is surrounded by a cloud of moving negative electrons, and not a sphere with embedded electrons (JJ.Thomsons idea).

-Discovered the second subatomic particle of the atom: the proton (+) & new model for the atom 450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD 1922AD

1922 A.D.
Danish scientist

Niels Bohr
Came up with experimental evidence proving that electrons exist in energy levels (shells) orbiting around a positively charged nucleus. -Orbital electron energy shells -

450 BC 400 BC 350 BC

500-1600 AD

1650 AD Late 1700s

1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD

1911AD

1922AD

1932AD

1932 A.D.
English scientist

James Chadwick
Using alpha particles discovered a neutral atomic particle with a mass close to a proton. What he discovered was the neutron. -Discovered the third subatomic particle of the atom: the neutron 450 BC 400 BC 350 BC 500-1600 AD 1650 AD Late 1700s 1808AD 1831AD 1879AD 1897AD 1898AD 1911AD 1922AD 1932AD

History of the Atomic Theory

(see text pg 82 through pg 85 and 91) A. Fill in the Blank areas in this table during the lesson or review the presentation on our class website.

Ancien t Greec e Ancien t Greec e

Time Perio d

Scientists Empedocles

Atomic Model

What discovery they made

Democritus

Your task: Work on filling out the worksheet on the history of the atom table as well as drawing the examples of the models of the atom on the bottom of the sheet.

A.D. 5001600 1650 -late 1700 1808

Alchemists

Four element model

Elements like Zinc, Bithmuth, Phosphorous, and Arsenic

Robert Boyle Antoine Lavoisier Joseph Priestley Henry Cavendish

John Dalton

1879

William Crookes

1897

J.J. Thomson (Nobel prize 1906)

Ernest Rutherford (Nobel prize 1908)

1911

1922

Niels Bohr (Nobel prize 1922)

James Chadwick (Nobel prize 1935)

And
B. Draw the Atom Models of: Dalton

1932

J.J. Thomson

Rutherford

Bohr

Thank you!