DR. EUGENE A.

ERMAC
Professor

Refrigeration & Air Conditioning

1 2010

Refrigeration
Introduction

Definition
Importance of refrigeration Classification of refrigeration
2 2010

Refrigeration
Definition
Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or space, so that its temperature is lower than that of its surroundings.
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Refrigeration
Definition
When refrigerant absorbs the unwanted heat, this raises the refrigerants temperature (Saturation Temperature) so that it changes from a liquid to a gas it evaporates. The system then uses condensation to release the heat and change the refrigerant back into a liquid. This is called Latent Heat.
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Refrigeration
Definition
Saturation Temperature can be defined as the temperature of a liquid, vapor, or a solid, where if any heat is added or removed, a change of state takes place.
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Refrigeration
Definition
Latent Heat- The heat required to change a liquid to a gas (or the heat that must be removed from a gas to condense it to a liquid), without any change in temperature.
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Refrigeration
Classification
Domestic

Commercial
Industrial

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Refrigeration
Domestic
Refrigerators

Freezers

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Refrigeration
Commercial
Drinking Fountain

Coolers
Dispensers

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Refrigeration
Industrial
Ice Plant

Cold Storage

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Refrigeration
Refrigeration Systems
Vapour Compression Refrigeration (VCR): uses mechanical energy Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR): uses thermal energy

11 2010

Refrigeration Compression Ref. System

Principal Parts:
Compressor Condenser

Drier Strainer
Capillary Tube Evaporator (freezer unit) Accumulator
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Refrigeration

Refrigeration Cycle- an interval or period of time occupied by one round or course of events in the same order or series.

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Refrigeration
This cycle is based on the physical principle, that a liquid extracts heat from the surrounding area as it expands (boils) into a gas.
To accomplish this, the refrigerant is pumped through a closed looped pipe system.
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Refrigeration

The closed looped pipe system stops the refrigerant from becoming contaminated and controls its stream. The refrigerant will be both a vapor and a liquid in the loop.

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Refrigeration
Refrigeration System Sides

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Refrigeration

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Refrigeration
The Compressor
Is the heart of the system. The compressor does just what its name is. It compresses the low pressure refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and compresses it into a high pressure vapor.

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Refrigeration
The Compressor

The inlet to the compressor is called the Suction Line. It brings the low pressure vapor into the compressor.

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Refrigeration
The Compressor

After the compressor compresses the refrigerant into a high pressure Vapor, it removes it to the outlet called the Discharge Line.

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2010

Refrigeration
The Condenser
The Discharge Line leaves the compressor and runs to the inlet of the condenser. Because the refrigerant was compressed, it is a hot high pressure vapor (as pressure goes up temperature goes up).

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Refrigeration
The Condenser

The hot vapor enters the condenser and starts to flow through the tubes. Cool air is blown across the out side of the finned tubes of the condenser (usually by a fan or water with a pump).
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Refrigeration
The Condenser Since the air is cooler than the refrigerant, heat jumps from the tubing to the cooler air (energy goes from hot to cold latent heat.
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Refrigeration
The Condenser As the heat is removed from the refrigerant, it reaches its saturated temperature and starts to flash (change states), into a high pressure liquid.
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Refrigeration
The Condenser
The high pressure liquid leaves the condenser through the liquid line and travels to the metering device. Sometimes running through a filter dryer first, to remove any dirt or

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Refrigeration
Metering Devices

Metering devices regulate how much liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator .
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Refrigeration
Metering Devices
Common used metering devices are, small thin copper tubes referred to as cap tubes, thermally controller diaphragm valves called TXVs (thermal expansion valves) and single opening orifices.

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Refrigeration
Metering Devices

The metering device tries to maintain a preset temperature difference or super heat, between the inlet and outlet openings of the evaporator.
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Refrigeration
Metering Devices

As the metering devices regulates the amount of refrigerant going into the evaporator, the device lets small amounts of refrigerant out into the line and looses the high pressure it has behind it.
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Refrigeration
Metering Devices

Now we have a low pressure, cooler liquid refrigerant entering the evaporative coil (pressure went down so temperature goes down).
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Refrigeration
The Evaporator

The evaporator is where the heat is removed from your house , business or refrigeration box.
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Refrigeration
The Evaporator

Low pressure liquid leaves the metering device and enters the evaporator.
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Refrigeration
The Evaporator

Usually, a fan will move warm air from the conditioned space across the evaporator finned coils.
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Refrigeration
The Evaporator

The cooler refrigerant in the evaporator tubes, absorb the warm room air. The change of temperature causes the refrigerant to flash or boil, and changes from a low pressure liquid to a low pressure cold vapor. 34
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Refrigeration
The Evaporator

The low pressure vapor is pulled into the compressor and the cycle starts over.

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Refrigeration
Vapour Compression Refrigeration
Refrigeration cycle
Condenser 4 3

High Pressure Side Expansion Device

Compressor

1 Evaporator

Low Pressure Side

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Refrigeration
Low pressure liquid refrigerant Vapour in evaporator Compression absorbs heat and changes to a gas Refrigeration cycle
Condenser 4

Refrigeration
3

High Pressure Side Expansion Device

Compressor

1 Evaporator

Low Pressure Side

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Refrigeration
The superheated vapour enters the compressor Vapour Compression where its pressure is raised Refrigeration cycle
Condenser 4

Refrigeration
3

High Pressure Side Expansion Device

Compressor

1 Evaporator

Low Pressure Side

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Refrigeration
The high pressure superheated gas is cooled Vapour Compression in several stages in the condenser

Refrigeration
3

Refrigeration cycle

Condenser 4

High Pressure Side Expansion Device

Compressor

1 Evaporator

Low Pressure Side

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Refrigeration
Liquid passes through expansion device, which reduces its pressure Vapour and Compression Refrigeration controls the flow into the evaporator

Refrigeration cycle

Condenser 4

High Pressure Side Expansion Device

Compressor

1 Evaporator

Low Pressure Side

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Refrigeration
Compression System Processes
Compression Condensation Expansion Evaporation

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