Contents
ICIC Introduction ICIC theory and scheme ICIC Performance ICIC Application
What Is ICIC?
ICIC (Inter cell Interference Coordination) A set of techniques that based on FFR/SFR( fractional frequency reuse/soft frequency reuse) and power control/allocation, adaptive scheduling. It can be used to suppress ICI( inter cell interference) and to achieve improved coverage area compared to universal frequency reuse( frequency reuse factor is equal to one) network deployment and keep proper system spectrum efficiency simultaneously.
Interference coordination & management methods for handling mono-frequency interference Interference coordination based on SFR/FFR
Interference randomization
Interference cancellation
High complexity
Interference cancellation
Combine
SFR/FFR allocates adjacent cells cell edge users orthogonal frequency, so inter cell interference is decreased. Residual interference is decreased by pro-active mode and passive mode interference coordination based on indicators exchanging between different adjacent eNodeBs. Balance of complexity and performance.
Modes for non-static ICIC: Mode-1: Pro-active Mode; Mode-2: Reactive Mode.
High Complexity, Hard Implementation, High overhead, High CAPEX and Low OPEX, Fit to load of 35%~70%, Performance improved most. Fit to varying load.
Contents
ICIC Introduction ICIC theory and scheme ICIC Performance ICIC Application
All cells and sectors use the same frequency which is showed by the same grey color. ICI is generated
Sector 2
Sector 3
Sector 1
neighbor sectors have different frequency which is showed by the different colors (red green and blue). ICI is decreased
Sector 2
Cell edge region in neighbor cells have different frequency which is showed by the different colors (red, green and blue). But cell center region in neighbor cells have the same frequency which is showed in the grey color. ICI is somehow decreased compared with monofrequency reuse. In FFR, total band=A+B+C+D.
Sector 2
Cell edge region in neighbor cells have different frequency which is showed by the different colors (red, green and blue). Cell center region in neighbor cells have the other frequency which is showed in the grey color. ICI is somehow decreased compared with monofrequency reuse. In SFR, total band=A+B+C, D=total band cell edge band.
Sector 2
Modes for Semi-Static ICIC Type-1: Pro-active SFR/SFR2; Type-2: Reactive SFR/SFR2.
Static ICIC
No coordination between different eNodeBs. Based on FFR/SFR/SFR2, i.e. , Try to allocate orthogonal cell edge resources to neighbor cells. The frequency reuse factor target for cell edge is 3, and the frequency reuse factor target for cell center is 1. i.e., both the cell edge efficiency and system efficiency is under consideration in design. Different resources allocation is allowed and power control is allowed for interference mitigation. Such as FFR, SFR, SFR2.
In FFR, one frequency band in a sector is defined as use or not use, The Power for different frequency band is the same. The system equivalent frequency reuse factor in the interval of [1, N].
System bandwidth divided into N orthogonal parts. Each sector edge use one part orthogonal to neighbor sectors. Each sector center use the same part with neighbor sectors.
In SFR, one frequency band in a sector is not defined as use or not use, but defined as how much power allocated the frequency was used in a cell. The system equivalent frequency reuse factor in the interval of [1, N]. Main principle for SFR:
System bandwidth divided into N orthogonal parts. For each sector, select some parts as main carriers, others as auxiliary carriers, The power of main carriers are higher than auxiliary carriers. Main carriers for different neighbor sectors are orthogonal. Main carriers can be used for overall sector, but auxiliary carriers can only be used in cell center. By Adjusting the proportionality between main carrier power and auxiliary carrier power, SFR can adapt to the load distribution in cell edge and cell center.
FFR
System bandwidth divided into 4 bands, Cell Center reuse 1,Cell Edge reuse 3
P Cell 1 F
Cell 2
F
Cell 3
F
A B C D
A B C D
A B C D
B,C are not used. A is first allocated to Cell edge user (CEU) . D is only used for Cell center user (CCU). Unallocated part of A can be used for CCU together with D.
A,C are not used. B is first allocated to Cell edge user (CEU) . D is only used for Cell center user (CCU).
A,B are not used. C is first allocated to Cell edge user (CEU) . D is only used for Cell center user (CCU).
SFR
System bandwidth divided into 3 bands, Cell Center reuse (1 3), Cell Edge reuse 3.
P Cell 1 P Cell 2
Cell 3
B
D1=B+C
B
D2=A+C
B
D3=A+B
A is first allocated to CEU . D1 is only used for CCU. Unallocated part of A can be used for CCU together with D1.
B is first allocated to CEU . D2 is only used for CCU. Unallocated part of B can be used for CCU together with D2.
C is first allocated to CEU . D3 is only used for CCU. Unallocated part of C can be used for CCU together with D3.
SFR2
system bandwidth divided into 4 bands, Cell Center reuse (1 3), Cell Edge reuse 3.
P Cell 1
F P Cell 2 F P Cell 3 F
A B C D
D1=B+C+D
A B C D
D2=A+C+D
A B C D
D3=A+B+D
A is first allocated to CEU. D1 is only used for CCU. Unallocated part of A can be used for CCU together with D1. In D1, D is first allocated to CCU.
B is first allocated to CEU. D2 is only used for CCU. Unallocated part of B can be used for CCU together with D2. In D2, D is first allocated to CCU.
C is first allocated to CEU. D3 is only used for CCU. Unallocated part of C can be used for CCU together with D3. In D3, D is first allocated to CCU.
Coordination between different eNodeBs; Frequency allocation adapts to load distribution in Cell edge and cell center. Reallocation is done on a time scale corresponding to seconds. X2 signaling such as HII, OI and RNTP are supported. Based on FFR, i.e. , Try to allocate orthogonal cell edge resources to neighbor cells. The frequency reuse factor target for cell edge is 3, and the frequency reuse factor target for cell center is 1. i.e., both the cell edge efficiency and system efficiency is under consideration in design. Different resources allocation is allowed and power control is allowed for interference mitigation. Such as FFR, SFR, SFR2.
X2 signaling interacting
Interacting signaling: HII and OI are used for uplink semi-static ICIC. RNTP is used for downlink semi-static ICIC. Interacting mode: HII and RNTP are pro-active mode. OI is reactive mode. Interacting interval: Several tens of milliseconds for semi-static ICIC. Interacting granularity: Each RB has corresponding indicators. Interacting flow chart: different respectively for different indicators. Interacting cells: cells in the neighbor cell list(NCL).
If one PRB is allocated to CEU by scheduler, the HII indicator for the PRB is generated as 1, otherwise 0. The HII bitmap is generated for each target cell based on cell related CEUs HII Indicator statistics in report interval. Upon receiving HII bitmap, in lightly load the HII indicated PRBs will not be allocated to CEU and high SINR CCU; in high load the power of HII indicated PRBs will be lowered.
Classify CEU and CCU Decide CCU and CEU Band allocation
If lightly load, HII indicated PRBs will not be allocated to CEU and high SINR CCU If high load, power Of HII indecated PRBs be lowered
S C H E D U L E R
UEs RSRP report System load statistics Service Type Neighbor cellsHII IoT test on Each PRB
Allocate time-frequency and power resources to CCU and CEU Generate HII for CEU PRB Decide UEs power variable
HII
Power Control
OI for Uplink
The OI indicator for each PRB is generated in the IOT test. OI have four values: high, medium, low, and null. The bitmap is generated based on RNTP indicators statistics in report interval and sent to all neighbor cells in NCL by X2 interface. If OI from strong interfering cells received, the Tx power of the OI indicated PRB should be Adjusted based on OI, UEs SINR and Tx Power statistics.
Generate OI for CEU PRB Decide UEs power variable in inner loop Power control Power Control IoT test on Each PRB Neighbor cellsOI UEs Tx power and SINR statistics UEs RSRP report System load statistics
OI
S C H E D U L E R
Classify CEU and CCU Decide CCU and CEU Band allocation Allocate time-frequency and power resources to CCU and CEU Decide uplink power variable in outer loop Power control for overall cell
Service Type
If one PRB is allocated by scheduler, the RNTP indicator for the PRB is generated by eNodeB as follows. The RNTP bitmap is generated based on RNTP indicators statistics in report interval and sent to all neighbor cells in NCL. Upon receiving RNTP bitmap, the PRB with RNTP=1 will not be allocated to CEU whose CQI is too small.
Classify CEU and CCU Decide CCU and CEU Band allocation Allocate timefrequency and power resources to CCU and CEU UEs RSRP report System load statistics Neighbor cellsRNTP UEs CQI report and power statistics for UEs PRB Service Type
if if
RNTP ( nPRB ) 0; if no promise about the upper E (n ) limit of A( p ) PRB is made Emax_ nom RNTP ( nPRB ) 1;
S C H E D U L E R
Contents
ICIC Introduction ICIC theory and scheme ICIC Performance ICIC Application
SE ESE bps/Hz/cell bps/Hz/user Load=90% 1.027 1.060 1.019 Load=80% 0.934 0.969 0.942 Load=70% 0.873 0.914 0.884 Load=50% 0.735 0.780 0.761 Load=35% 0.612 0.628 0.627 0.0281 0.0217 0.0282 0.0403 0.0439 0.0419
0.1
0.08
bps/Hz
0.06
0.04
0.02
1.000
0.800
bps/Hz
0.600
0.400
0.200
Compared with static SFR, under high load and low load scenarios semi-static ICIC is better; under medium load, semi-static ICIC has near performance. Compared with static SFR, semi-static ICIC is more capable of tracking system load variation.
70 loadk0.15
FreqUse Type FR=1 SFR CEU Ratio OC RB PwRatio SE ESE ALLRBratio bps/Hz/user 72.7162 69.6275 Avg.Bler % 5.6788 4.3261 bps/Hz/cell bps/Hz/user
0.5 0.4
12 16
1 2
1.7469 1.5803
0.0329 0.0380
45loadk0.10
FreqUse Type FR=1 SFR CEU Ratio 0.4 0.4 OC RB 16 16 PwRatio 1 2 SE ESE ALLRBratio bps/Hz/user 45.8041 43.9899 Avg.Bler % 4.0891 2.6279 bps/Hz/cell bps/Hz/user 1.1984 0.0206 1.1011 0.0235
Contents
ICIC Introduction ICIC theory and scheme ICIC Performance ICIC Application
Rural
Sub-Urban
ICIC Be suitable; The service load change very slowly; Rural Scenarios Pls. See figures below.
ICIC Be suitable; Important future living place. Sub-Urban Scenarios Pls. See figures below.
Urban
static ICIC not suitable; density people and complicated radio propagation environment. Service load change more quickly because of subscribers moving; Urban Scenarios Pls. See figures below.
ICIC Roadmap
Stage 1-2009Q4
Stage 2-Planning
Dynamic ICIC