Tourism-Oriented Establishments

Travel Agency, Travel Insurance, Tour Guide Hotels & Resorts Restaurant & Bars Transportation Company (Airline, Bus, Van, Car, Shipping, Rails, Small Boats) Airport, Seaport, Terminals Souvenir Shops, Spa, Shopping Mall, Salon Event Organizing (Concerts, Musical Play, Conventions, Congress, Seminar) Attractions (Parks, Museums, Zoo)

One of the most important human activity is

What is management?
Management is the attainment of organizational goal in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.

There are two important ideas in the definition:

1. the four functions of management, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. 2. the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner.

The Four Management Functions

 means defining goals for future organizational performance and deciding on the task and use of resources needed to attain them.

A lack of planning or poor planning can hurt an organizations performance.

 involves the assignment of task, the grouping of task into departments, and the assignment of authority and allocation of resources across the organization.

 involves the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals.

 means monitoring employees activities, determine whether the organization is on target toward its goal, and making corrections as necessary.

The Process of Management

PLANNING Select goals and ways to attain them

CONTROLLING Monitor activities and make corrections

ORGANIZING Assign responsibility for task accomplishment

LEADING Use influence to motivate employees

Organizational Performance
Management is the attainment of the organizational goal in an EFFICIENT and EFFECTIVE manner.

MANAGEMENT is so important because ORGANIZATIONS are so important.

Why ORGANIZATIONS are so important?

In an industrialized society where complex technology dominate, organizations bring together

knowledge, people, and row materials

to perform tasks no individual could do alone.

Without organizations, how could technology be provided that enables us to share information around the world in an instant, electricity be produced from huge dams and nuclear power plant, and thousands of videos and DVDs be made available for our entertainment?

ORGANIZATIONS pervade our society.

Most of you/us will:
work in an organization in the future
Airlines, Hotels, Resort, Travel Agency, DOT, and etc.

be a member of several organizations

School, Church, Community and etc.

deal with organizations every day

Hospital, Restaurant, Salon, Supermarket, Malls and etc

Managers are responsible for these organizations and for seeing that resources are used wisely to attain organizational goals.

What is an ORGANIZATION?
O is a SOCIAL ENTITY means being made up of R two G or more people. A DIRECTED that is GOAL means Ndesigned to achieve some outcome, such as make a profit, win pay increases for members, I spiritual needs, or provide social meet satisfaction. Z A and DELIBERATELY STRUCTURED. T tasks are divided and means that I for their performance is responsibility assigned toO organization members. N

Based on our definition of management, the managers responsibility is to coordinate resources in an effective and efficient manner to accomplish the organizations goals.
Effectiveness the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal. Efficiency the use of minimal resources raw materials, money, and people to produce a desired volume of output.

The ultimate responsibility of managers is to achieve high PERFORMANCE, which is the attainment of organizational goals by using resources in a efficient and effective manner.

A managers job is
COMPLEX and MULTIDIMENTIONAL

which requires a range of SKILLS.

Management Skills
M A N A G E R

Conceptual skills
is the ability to see the "big picture," to recognize significant elements in a situation, and to understand the relationships among the elements. it involves the managers thinking, information processing, and planning abilities. it involves knowing where ones department fits into the total organization and how the organization fits into the industry, the community, and broader business and social environment. it means the ability to think strategically to take the broad, long-term view.

Human skills
is the ability to work with people; it is cooperative effort; A manager with human skills: it is teamwork ; >is allows subordinates to express themselves it the creation of an environment in which without fear of and ridicule encourages people feel secure freeand to express their opinions. participation. > demonstrated likes other people and is liked by them. it is in the way a manager relates to other people, including the ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead, communicate, and resolve conflict.

Technical skills
is knowledge of and proficiency in activities involving methods, processes, and procedures. Thus it involves working with tools and specific techniques. it includes specialized knowledge, analytical ability, and the competent use of tools and techniques to solve problems in that specific discipline. is more important at lower organizational levels.

Assignment: (use 1 whole sheet of yellow paper)

1. Secure a copy of the following organizational structure:
a. University of San Jose - Recoletos b. College of Commerce c. Tourism and Hospitality Management Department d. Tourism Circle Organization

Managers use conceptual, human, and technical skills to perform the four management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling in all organizations large and small, manufacturing and service, profit and non-profit, traditional and internet-based. But all managers jobs are the same. Managers are responsible for different departments, work at different levels in the hierarchy, and meet different requirements for achieving high performance.

Management Types
Vertical Differences
Top Managers Middle Managers First-line Managers

Horizontal Differences
Functional Managers General Managers

VERTICAL DIFFERENCES

TOP MANAGERS
are the top of the hierarchy and are responsible for the entire organization. They are responsible for setting organizational goals, defining strategies for achieving them, monitoring and interpreting the external environment, and making decisions that affect the entire organization. They look to the long-term future and concern themselves with general environmental trends and the organizations overall success.

 The most important responsibilities:

Communicating a shared vision for the organization Shaping corporate culture Nurturing an entrepreneurial spirit that can help the company keep pace with the rapid change.

They have such titles:

President Chairperson Executive Director Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Executive Vice-President

MIDDLE MANAGERS
work at middle levels of the organization. responsible for business units and major departments. They are responsible for implementing the overall strategies and policies defined by top managers. They have such titles:
Department head Division head Manager of quality control Director

 are directly responsible for the production of goods and services. They are responsible for groups of non-management of employees. Their primary concern is the application of the rules and procedures to achieve efficient production, provide technical assistance, and motivate subordinates. They have such titles:
Supervisor Line manager Section chief Office manager

FIRST-LINE MANAGERS

HORIZONTAL DIFFERENCES

Functional Managers
are responsible for departments that perform a single functional task and have employees with similar training and skills. It includes:
Advertising Sales Finance Human resources Manufacturing Accounting

Line Managers
are responsible for the manufacturing and marketing departments that make or sell the product or services.

Staff Managers
are in charge of departments such as finance and human resources that supports line departments.

General Managers
are responsible for several departments that perform different functions.

What is it like to be a manager?

Ten Manager Roles

Divided into three categories:
1. Information (managing by information)
Describe the activities used to maintain and develop an information network. Pertain to relationships with others and are related to the human skills.

2. Interpersonal (managing through people)

3. Decisional (managing through action)

Pertain to those events about which the manager must make a choice and take action.

Ten Manager Roles

Category Role Informational Monitor Activity Seek and receive information, scan periodicals and reports, maintain personal contacts. Forward information to other organization members; send memos and reports, make phone calls.

Disseminator

Spokesperson Transmit information to outsiders through speeches, reports, memos.

Ten Manager Roles

Category Interpersonal Role Figurehead Activity Perform ceremonial and symbolic duties such as greeting visitors, signing legal documents. Direct and motivates subordinates; train, counsel, and communicate with subordinates. Maintain information links both inside and outside organization; use mail, phone calls, meetings.

Leader

Liaison

Ten Manager Roles

Category Decisional Role Entrepreneur Activity Initiates improvement projects; identify new ideas, delegate idea responsibility to others. Take corrective action during disputes or crises; resolve conflicts among subordinates; adapt to environmental crises. Decide who gets resources; schedule, budget, set priorities. Represent department during negotiation of union contracts, sales, purchases, budgets; represent departmental interests.

Disturbance Handler

Resource Allocator Negotiator

Prelim Examination
Guidelines

Practical Exam
Directions: Interview two local business manager of any tourism oriented establishments.
Guide Questions:
How did you learn how to manage? What are the challenges did you encounter and how did you handle it? What factors made your company successful? What are the changes you initiated for the growth of the company?

 Output:
Individual Insight / Reflection in a short bond paper. Support your interview with pictures/video. Present your interview in a PowerPoint Presentation. To be presented during prelim exam. Send your PowerPoint at rj.moreno85@gmail.com on July 17, 2013 until 12 midnight.