-

2013-2012

1.

: .

.ADN

A T G C A T G C
ARN m

ARN m

ADN ARNm

U A C G U A C G

U A C G U A C G

ARNm
.

.ARNm
.

 2. (= )ADN
= ADN ARNm .
.

) (GD ).(GA

ADN

Gnon

)(GA

)(GD

G A

 .1 ADN
, ARNm
( . )
.2 . ADN
.3
.

GD

GA

L.P. A.A.

A.A.

ADN

ADN

NUCLOLE

3
)(5S

ARNr

3
5

ARNt

ARNm

. ARNr (5S)ARNt ARNm :ARN

3
)(18S

ARNr

3
)(28S

ARNr

5
)(5,85S

ARNr

3
.ARNr

3.1

ARN ARNm :

.1 .
.2 ARN ARN polymrase
.3 .
.4 ADN ( ARNm
)

ARN

ARNm
5

ARNpm

= ADN
.

.1 ARN
. promoteur

.2 ADN (
60

).

20
10
3.

4.
3
.ARNm

5.

6.

/
..
.

ARN

ADN.
ARN.
ARN
ADN.

GA

GD

CD

CA

ARNpm

Squence remorque

Exon

Intron

(
) introns

Squence guide

 introns
Exons .

ARNm
Intron

Intron

: A

AAAAA

Intron

Intron

5
Exon

3 50 250

ARNm .
ARNm .

m7GP P P

5
.

 64 ARNm

3



.

61

Campbell : 332 (2ed. Fr.) Figure 17.4

 ARNm

A C C A A A Gnon

ADN

UGG UUU

Phe

Trp

Campbell : 331 (2ed. Fr.) Figure 17.3

ARNm

ARNm

ARNm


.

( ) :
.

 ARN 3.2 (ARNt):

( )80 3

)Campbell : 339 (2ed. Fr.

Figure 17.13

3

ARNt

G
G

5
G
C
G
G
A
U
U
U

A
C
C
A
C
G
C
U
U
A
A
G

C U C
C G A G

C A C A

C
C
A
G
A
C

AAG

.ARNt

G
G
U

G U G U

U
G A

A
G
A
A G
A

U C

45 ARNt
(
).

ARNt

ARNt
( ARNm
)

3
5

-UUC -


.ARNt

ARNt

Phe

A A G ARNt
||| || ||

ARNm

.
Phe

ARNt :

ARNt

.AAG

UUC

 aminoacyl-ARNt synthtases ARNt

. ATP

ATP
CH2

ARNt

P P

OH

ENZYME

ADP

ARNt

 ARNr

3.3

3
)(5S

)(18S

ARNr

ARNr

)(28S

)(5,85S

60S:

28S

5S
5,8 S

40S:

ARNr

ARNr

.

ARNr

18S

ARNr

 ARNm ARNt
.
( ARNm ) 2
) A P ( ( ARNt

ARNt
.

ARNt

PA

ARNm.

Campbell : 341 (2ed. Fr.) Figure 17.15


:

:
.1 .ARNm
.2 ARNm
.3 ARNt ( ).
.4 ( ) .

-4

ARN ( ) ARNm

ARNm ARNt


.

ARNt

ARNm

.1

UAA
UAG
UGA

AUG

- 3

- 2
ARNm



Meth

UAC
AUG

Meth

GDP
GTP

GTP

ARNm
ARNt a.a.

lARNt a.a.
A

L.P.

2 GTP

ARNt a.a.

P A

2 GDP

P A

P A
GDP

ARNt
A
.

GTP

P A

ARNt :
A P
.ARNm
ARNt.

E P A

. ARNt
ARNt
. P

E P A

.

.A

 ARNm ()
( ).

ARNm

 -6 :
.

OYAU

.1
.2

500 nm

OYAU

.1 :

.
.2
( )..
...

500 nm

REG

REG

,,,,,

Saccules