COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY

COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY
- are property that depend only on the number of solute particles in the solution, not on the nature of those particles. - Colligative properties of solutions includes: a. Vapor pressure b. Boiling point elevation c. Freezing point depression

VAPOR PRESSURE OF SOLUTION Consider a solution from two components, A and B. The vapor pressure of the solution (Ptotal) is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of A (pA) and the partial pressure of B (pB): The partial pressure in this equation may be found by means of a relationship known as Raoults law, which pertains to what are called ideal solutions. The partial pressure of A, for example, is given by the equation: pA = XA Where: pA = partial pressure of A (atm) XA= mole fraction of A = vapor pressure of pure A (atm)

Ptotal = pA + pB

VAPOR PRESSURE OF SOLUTION Ideal solution is one I which the intermolecular forces between A and B molecules, A and A molecules, and B and B molecules are essentially the same. -in such a situation, the tendency of an A molecule to escape into the vapor is the same whether it is surrounded by A molecules in a pure A or surrounded by a mixture of A and B molecules in the solution. -the partial pressure of A for the solution, therefore, is equal to the vapor pressure of pure A reduced in proportion to the number of molecules of A present out of the total number of molecules in the solution.

VAPOR PRESSURE OF SOLUTION The partial pressure of B can be found by use similar equation: 0 pB = XB Where: pB = partial pressure of B (atm) XB = mole fraction of B 0 = vapor pressure of B (atm) With this, the vapor pressure of the solution is equal to the sum of the two partial pressures. 0 Ptotal = XA + XB - The vapor pressure of an ideal solution, therefore, can be derived from the vapor pressure of the pure components by taking into account the proportion of the components (by mole) present in the solution.

VAPOR PRESSURE OF SOLUTION Sample Problems: 1. Heptane (C7H8) and octane (C8H18) form an ideal solutions. What is the vapor pressure at 400C of a solution that contains 3 .0 mol of heptane and 5.0 mol of octane? At 400C, the vapor pressure of heptane is 0.121 atm and the vapor pressure of octane is 0.041 atm. 2. Assuming ideality, calculate the vapor pressure of a 1.00 m solution of a nonvolatile, nondissociating solute in water at 500C. The vapor pressure of water at 500C is 0.122 atm