Chapter 05 - Metering Devices

Student CD for Commercial Refrigeration for A/C Technicians Chapter 5 Metering Devices
Learning Objectives
Understand TEVs and cap tubes How they meter refrigerant to the evaporator How to size metering devices How system pressures and temperatures affect metering devices How superheat is affected by TEVs and cap tubes Metering device problems and troubleshooting
Copyright 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
Metering Devices
Feed refrigerant to evaporator Provide a pressure drop
From the condensing pressure to the evaporator pressure
From a condensing temperature higher than the ambient, to one lower than the box temperature
Provide a temperature drop
The following slide is a cut-away view of a Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TEV)

Valve Construction: Diaphragm, tube, and sensing bulb Valve body Needle and orifice Inlet Screen Spring, adjuster, and packing gland
Valve Construction
TEV Operation
Meters refrigerant Maintains superheat Opening force:
Bulb pressure
Closing forces:
1. Evaporator pressure
2. Adjustable spring
Expansion Valve Detail Typical Walk-in using R22
Review of How Evaporators Absorb Heat

Refrigerant enters as liquid droplets Warm air causes droplets to boil Heat is absorbed into refrigerant
Called latent heat
Refrigerant becomes saturated vapor Now it can only absorb sensible heat
Called superheat
Evaporator Section of R22 Reach-in Refrigerator
Evaporation Starts Total Superheat
Fully Evaporated (Saturated)
Coil Superheat
Measuring Superheat
Superheat =
Coil outlet temperature - Evaporator temperature Superheat too high :
Starving
Superheat too low:

Flooding
The following picture shows where to take the coil outlet temperature.
Schrader fitting on suction line
Suction line is about 18
Clamp-on thermistor at TEV bulb
Suction pressure is 36 psig
R404A at 36 psig is 3
18- 3 = 15 superheat
Taking superheat at the evaporator of a walk-in freezer
10
Adjusting Superheat
To lower superheat:
Decrease spring pressure Increases refrigerant in evaporator
11
Lower Superheat from 10 to 6
Superheat Adjustment
More refrigerant in the evaporator
12
Adjusting Superheat
Increase superheat:
Increase spring pressure Decreases refrigerant in evaporator
13
Raise Superheat from 6 to 14
Less refrigerant in the evaporator
14
Identifying the Valve

Connections:
Flare, sweat, and flanged
Evaporator Pressure Equalization:

Internal equalizer External equalizer
15
Expansion Valve Connections

Flanged Flare Sweat
External equalizer
Internal equalizer External equalizer
16
Multi-circuit Evaporator
Multiple circuits create a large pressure drop An external equalized TEV is required
It senses pressure at the evaporator outlet
What happens if an internal equalized TEV is used on a multi-circuit evaporator?

The following slides answer this question
17
Internal Equalized TEV on multi-circuited evaporator
External equalizer line
Distributor and tubes
18
Multi-Circuit Evaporator with an Internal Equalized TEV 35 Walk-in, R22

49 psig TEV senses normal pressure for 25 evap.
Bulb sensing 35 suction line thinks it is maintaining 10 superheat (35 - 25)
TEV is not fully feeding evaporator, superheat rises.
280 psig 49 psig 35 psig pressure drop in distributors 35
Hey, Im starvin here!
15 psig
2 psig drop in coil 13 psig R22 @ 13 psig = -15 35 - (-15) = 50 Actual Superheat
High superheat verifies starving evaporator
19
Install proper TEV

External equalized TEVs sense evaporator outlet pressure
Suction pressure rises as the evaporator is filled with refrigerant The TEV will remain open until the suction pressure rises at the evaporator outlet
20
Multi-Circuited Evaporator with External Equalized TEV

Only 13 psig under diaphragm allows TEV to open.
Valve opens until it senses 49 psig under diaphragm.
TEV properly feeds evaporator. 35
Thats more like it!
R22 @ 49 psig = 25
49 psig 13psig
35 - 25 = 10 Superheat
21
Sensing Bulb Placement

Must sense true suction temperature Not bottom of pipe Not top of pipe
Following are Sporlans recommendations
22
Factory Recommended TEV Bulb Placement
23
Factory Recommended TEV Bulb Placement
< 7/8
If pipe OD is less than (<) 7/8 then bulb can be placed anywhere between 8:00 and 4:00 . . . but never on the bottom!
24
Simplifying bulb location

The next slide shows a simple rule for bulb placement
25
Rule of Thumb TEV Bulb Placement

Warmer vapor on top
Oil insulates bottom Bulb mounted on side works well on all pipes
26
TEV Bulb Mounted on the Side of the Suction Line
27
More suggestions on bulbs

Make sure it is on a flat surface of pipe Use stainless steel hose clamps:
Easier to install Easy to service
28
Bulb cannot sense line temperature TEV Bulbs
Straps
Picture of bulbs and clamps

Coupling Braze Joints
No Bulb Contact
Radiato r Clamp Good Bulb Contact

29
More on Mounting TEV Bulbs

Best on horizontal line If you must put on vertical line:
Oil in line may affect operation Cap tube must come out top of bulb
30
TEV Bulb on Vertical Line

Mount bulb with tubing at the top.
Remember: Use vertical suction line only if no horizontal location is available.

SPORLAN
31
TEV Bulb on Vertical Line
Oil pushed up sides of pipe affects heat transfer.
SPORLAN
System Off Oil collects in P-trap

Start Up
32
TEV Bulb Mounted Upside Down

Liquid Flows to Head of Valve
No Liquid In Bulb to Boil Off
SPORLAN
33
How the System Affects TEVs

High pressure drop increases valve capacity High liquid temperature decreases valve capacity These factors offset each other to maintain a fairly consistent valve capacity
34
TEV Correction Factors

High pressure increases valve capacity But high liquid temperature decreases valve capacity
Outdoor Ambient A
Condensing Temperature
Head Pressure C
Evaporator Pressure D
Pressure Drop (C - D)
Correction Factor for Pressure Drop
Correction Factor for Liquid Temperature
Overall Correction Factor
(E x F)
100 70 50
130 100 80
300 psig 200 psig 150 psig
1.40 1.10 .90
.80 1.00 1.15
1.10 1.10 1.05
35
Reading a Valve
All TEV manufacturers have a specific numbering system. If you understand the numbering system you will know the valve. The following slide have examples of Sporlan valves:
36
Picture of SVE-2-GA valve
S style valve
V R22 E externally equalized
2 Two Tons (24,000 Btu)

G Air Conditioning
37
Picture of GV-1/2-C Valve
G type valve V R22
1/2 ton (6,000) Btu

C Commercial (medium temp.)
38
Sporlan Numbering System
Following is a chart that describes the more common Sporlan numbers
39
SPORLAN TEV NUMBERING SYSTEM

SPORLAN TEV NUMBERING SYSTEM
Body Flare/Sweat Style (Blank) = Flare F S or E = Sweat G BF Q "Others"
Tonnage Refrigerant Equalized 12,000 btu/Ton F = R12 E = External 1/4 = 3,000 btu (Blank)=Internal 1/3 = 4,000 btu V = R22 R = R502 1/2 = 6,000 btu J = R134a 3/4 = 9,000 btu S = R404 1 = 12,000 btu
Application C = Medium Temp (Comm) Z = Low Temp (freeZer) P = Pressure Limiting Valve G = A/C
TYPE "F"
(No Letter)
Example: FJE-1-C
E External ?
1 12,000 ? btu C Medium ? Temp
Flare ?
J R134a ?
TYPE "G"
E
Extended ? Sweat
Example: EGVE-3/4-C
E External ? 3/4 9,000 ? btu C Medium ? Temp
V R22 ?
40
Sporlan Type F Chart

1. The first thing to determine is the type of valve (flare, solder, equalized, etc.) 2. Then the tonnage 3. Then the application (A/C, freezer, commercial temperature, etc.) 4. Sometimes there is a wide range between available TEVs (1/2 ton to 1 ton)
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SPECIFICATIONS
ELEMENT SIZE NO. 43, KNIFE EDGE JOINT

TYPE EF ODF Solder
Sporlan Type F Chart
1
REFRIGERANT (Sporlan Code)
TYPE F SAE Flare External Equalizer FVE-1/5 FVE-1/3 FVE-1/2 FVE-1 FVE-1-1/2 FVE-2 FVE-3 FJE-1/8 FJE-1/6 FJE-1/4 FJE-1/2 FJE-1 FJE-1-1/2 FJE-2 FSE-1/8 FSE-1/6 FSE-1/4 FSE-1/2 FSE-1
Internal Equalizer FV-1/5 FV-1/3
Internal Equalizer EFV-1/5 EFV-1/3 EFV-1/2 EFV-1 EFV-1-1/2 EFV-2-1/2 EFJ-1/8 EFJ-1/6 EFJ-1/4 EFJ-1/2 EFJ-1 EFJ-1-1/2 EFS-1/8 EFS-1/6 EFS-1/4 EFS-1/2 EFS-1
External Equalizer EFVE-1/5 EFVE-1/3 EFVE-1/2 EFVE-1
2
TONS 1/5 1/3 1/2 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 1/8 1/6
Thermostatic Charges Available
Standard Tubing LengthInches
CONNECTIONS - Inches SAE Flare / ODF Solder Blue figures are standard and will be furnished unless otherwise specified
INLET
OUTLET
1/4 OR 3/8
3/8 OR 1/2
22 (V)
407C (N) 407A (V)
FV-1/2 FV-1 FV-1-1/2 FV-2-1/2 FJ-1/8
C Z ZP40 3/8 1/2
EFVE-1-1/2 EFVE-2 EFVE-3 EFJE-1/8 EFJE-1/6 EFJE-1/4 EFJE-1/2 EFJE-1 EFJE-1-1/2 EFJE-2 EFSE-1/8 EFSE-1/6 EFSE-1/4 EFSE-1/2 EFSE-1
134a (J)
12 (F) 401A (X) 409A (F)
FJ-1/6 FJ-1/4 FJ-1/2 FJ-1 FJ-1-1/2 FS-1/8
1/4 OR 3/8 1/4 30 1/2 1 1-1/2 2 1/8 1/6 1/4 OR 3/8 FS-1/4 FS-1/2 FS-1 FS-1-1/2 1/4 1/2 1 C Z ZP 3/8 C
3/8 OR 1/2
1/2
404A (S)
502 ( R ) 408A ( R )
FS-1/6
3/8 OR 1/2
FSE-1-1/2 EFS-1-1/2 EFSE-1-1/2 1-1/2 Copyright 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning
1/2
42
Sporlan Type G Chart
Very similar to the F chart. However, there is a ton valve available between the and 1 ton ratings.
43
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE G SAE Flare REFRIGERANT (Sporlan Code)
Sporlan Type G Chart ELEMENT SIZE NO. 53, KNIFE EDGE JOINT
Standard Tubing Length-Inches
TYPE EG ODF Solder
NORMAL CAPACITY Tons of Refrigeration
Internal Equalizer
External Equalizer
Internal Equalizer
External Equalizer
CONNECTIONS - Inches SAE Flare / ODF Solder Blue figures are standard and will be furnished unless otherwise specified INLET 1/4 OR 3/8 OUTLET 1/2
22 (V)
407C (N) 407A (V)
GV-1/5 GV-1/3 GV-1/2 GV-3/4 GV-1 GV-1-1/2 GV-2-1/2 GJ-1/8 GJ-1/6 GJ-1/4 GJ-1/2 GJ-1 GJ-1-1/2 GS-1/8 GS-1/6 GS-1/4 GS-1/2 GS-1 GS-1-1/2 -
GVE-1/5 GVE-1/3 GVE-1/2 GVE-3/4 GVE-1 GVE-1-1/2 GVE-2 GVE-3 GJE-1/8 GJE-1/6 GJE-1/4 GJE-1/2 GJE-1 GJE-1-1/2 GJE-2 GSE-1/8 GSE-1/6 GSE-1/4 GSE-1/2 GSE-1 GSE-1-1/2 GSE-2
EGV-1/5 EGV-1/3 EGV-1/2 EGV-3/4 EGV-1 EGV-1-1/2 EGV-2-1/2 EGJ-1/8 EGJ-1/6 EGJ-1/4 EGJ-1/2 EGJ-1 EGJ-1-1/2 EGS-1/8 EGS-1/6 EGS-1/4 EGS-1/2 EGS-1 EGS-1-1/2 -
EGVE-1/5 EGVE-1/3 EGVE-1/2 EGVE-3/4 EGVE-1 EGVE-1-1/2 EGVE-2 EGVE-3 EGJE-1/8 EGJE-1/6 EGJE-1/4 EGJE-1/2 EGJE-1 EGJE-1-1/2 EGJE-2 EGSE-1/8 EGSE-1/6 EGSE-1/4 EGSE-1/2 EGSE-1 EGSE-1-1/2 EGSE-2
1/5 1/3 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 1/8 1/6 1/4 1/2 1 1-1/2 2 1/8 1/6 1/4 1/2 1 1-1/2 2
C Z ZP40
3/8
1/2
134a (J)
12 (F) 401A (X) 409A (F)
1/4 OR 3/8 30 C 3/8
1/2
1/2
404A (S)
502 ( R ) 408A ( R )
1/4 OR 3/8 C Z ZP
1/2
3/8
1/2
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Sporlan Balanced Port Valves
These valves have a tonnage range, rather than a single rating.
45
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE REFRIGERANT (Sporlan Code) SAE Flare Internal Equalizer BFV-AAA External Equalizer BFVE-AAA BFVE-AA BFVE-A BFVE-B BFVE-C BFJE-AAA BFJE-AA BFJE-A BFJE-B BFJE-C BFSE-AAA BFSE-AA BFSE-A BFSE-B BFSE-C
Sporlan Balanced Port Valves ELEMENT SIZE NO. 43, KNIFE EDGE JOINT
Standard Tubing Length-Inches
Port Size
NORMAL CAPACITY Tons of Refrigeration
CONNECTIONS - Inches Blue figures are standard and will be furnished unless otherwise specified SAE Flare INLET OUTLET External Equalizer
AAA AA A B C AAA AA A B C AAA AA A B C
1/8 thru 1/3 1/2 thru 2/3 3/4 thru 1-1/2 1-3/4 thru 3 3-1/4 thru 5-1/2 1/8 thru 1/5 1/4 thru 1/3 1/2 thru 1 1-1/4 thru 1-3/4 2 thru 3 1/8 thru 1/5 1/4 thru 1/3 1/2 thru 1 1-1/4 thru 2 2-1/4 thru 3 C Z ZP C 30 C Z ZP40
22 (V)
407C (N) 407A (V)
1/4 OR 3/8 Elbow 1/4 OR 3/8 Elbow 3/8 Elbow
BFV-AA BFV-A BFV-B BFV-C BFJ-AAA
134a (J)
12 (F) 401A (X) 409A (F)
1/4 OR 3/8 Elbow 1/4 OR 3/8 Elbow 3/8 Elbow 3/8 or 1/2 1/4
BFJ-AA BFJ-A BFJ-B BFJ-C BFS-AAA
404A (S)
502 ( R ) 408A ( R )
1/4 OR 3/8 Elbow 1/4 OR 3/8 Elbow 3/8 Elbow
BFS-AA BFS-A BFS-B BFS-C
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Preparing for TEV Troubleshooting
For a TEV to work properly it must: 1. Be sized properly. 2. The sensing bulb must be strapped correctly. 3. There must be a full column of liquid to the valve.
47
Causes for TEV Flooding

1. Ice in the valve
Use a warm rag or heat gun to thaw. Replace the filter drier. Clean bulb and pipe and re-strap. Insulate the bulb and pipe. Check proper mounting on vertical suction line.
2. Bulb not sensing suction line temperature.
3. Readjust valves superheat setting. 4. If still flooding, replace the TEV.

48
Causes for TEV Starving

1. Ice in the valve
Use a warm rag or heat gun to thaw. Replace the filter drier. Check for hole in bulb or broken cap tube.
2. Sensing bulb has lost its charge. 3. Check for a clogged inlet strainer. 4. Readjust valves superheat adjustment. 5. If still starving, replace the TEV.
49
Causes for TEV Hunting

1. Lower superheat.
Allowing more refrigerant through the valve usually settles its fluctuations.
2. If your are sure it is sized correctly and it is still hunting, replace the TEV.
50
Capillary Tubes (cap tubes)

A fixed metering device Regulates refrigerant flow by pressure drop Pressure drop is based on:
Cap tube length Internal diameter of tubing
51
Hose Pressure
100 psig 75 psig

25 psig 25 of hose
100 psig 200 of hose

52
Fixed Metering Device

Provides consistent pressure drop
Condensing pressure to evaporator pressure
53
Cap tube picture
54
Cap Tube Guidelines

The next slide is an information sheet from J/B Industries Interesting points are highlighted in yellow
55
J/ B
DIAMETER AND LENGTH
APPLICATION AND ENGINEERING DATA
Copper Capillary Tubing
For Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
FACTORS AFFECTING REFRIGERANT FLOW

The size of the cap tube is fairly critical. Unlike orifices, such as capillary tubes depend on on their length as well expansion valve seats, capillary as their diameter to determine their total restriction. to determine their total restriction. The relationship between these two factors are shown in the following charts. A change in diameter on a percentage basis can change the flow more changing the Affecting diameter than an equal change in length. To illustrate, Factors by .005" as as between between .026" .026" I.D. I.D. and and .031" .031" I.D. I.D.can candouble doublethe theflow. flow. Restriction can also be changed by lengthening or shortening the longer the the tube, the slower the flow, cap tube. The longer flow; the shorter the tube, the faster the flow. tube, the faster the flow. The general flow curve graph (right) shows what happens to the flow of refrigerant through a cap tube as the length is changed. This curve is not meant to give specific flows but to simply illustrate what happens with all cap tubes so that the general flow pattern can be understood. By following the flow curve from left to right it can be seen that for the very longest length the flow is the smallest. Then as the cap tube length is decreased, the flow increases slowly until critical point "L" is reached. At this point the flow increases more rapidly with each reduction in length until critical point "S" is reached. From this point on, further decrease in length causes ever increasing flow. From the study of this typical curve, certain pertinent conclusions can be reached that directly affect the field application of capillary tubes. On the graph, that section above the critical point "L" is marked as extra long lengths. Attempting to increase restriction (i.e. reduce flow) by increasing length into this region is not only uneconomical but frequently hopeless. In addition, tubes in this range may not be responsive enough to changes in head pressures during operation. All in all, tube lengths in this range should be avoided where possible. Refrigerant Flow Continuing down the graph, that section below critical point "S" should be avoided like the plague. In this range, the tube is so short that even small changes in length will cause very large increases in flow. This is caused by the fact that the length no longer affects the flow and the tube now begins to act more like an orifice than a capillary tube. But, without the other components necessary to control an orifice, such as are present in an expansion valve or high side float, a very short cap tube will give wildly erratic operation under varying ambients and loads. All of this would be meaningless without some definite way to use this information. Although the critical points will vary depending on the I.D. of the cap tubing being used, a very safe operating rule-ofthumb can be offered. Keep the cap tube no shorter than 5 ft. and no longer than 16 ft.
56
Cap Tube Sizing

Check with the equipment manufacturer for proper cap tube size. However, if the manufacturer information is not available J/B has charts for sizing cap tubes.
The following example is a 1/3 H.P. unit Operating at a 15 evaporator The cap tube size is .036 I.D., 6 long
57
REFRIGERATION APPLICATION CHART (R-12 AND R-22)

NORMAL EVAPORATING TEMPERATURE DEGREES F
H.P. H.P. REF REF.
NOTE -10 to +5
TC-26 TC-26 TC-26 TC-26 TC-26 TC-31 TC-31 TC-31 TC-31 TC-36 TC-36 TC-36 TC-42 TC-36 TC-54 TC-54 TC-54 TC-64 TC-70 TC-54 (2 pcs)
+5 +20 +5 to +20
10 Ft 12 Ft 12 Ft 10 Ft 10 Ft 12 Ft 10 Ft 10 Ft 8 Ft 6 Ft 6 Ft 6 Ft Ft 6 Ft 9 Ft 9 Ft 9 Ft 12 Ft 12 Ft 11 Ft 7-1/2 Ft 9 Ft 10 Ft 9 Ft 10 Ft 8 Ft 10 Ft 10 Ft 10 Ft TC-26 TC-31 TC-31 TC-31 TC-31 TC-36 TC-36 TC-36 TC-36 TC-36 TC-36 TC-36 TC-42 TC-42 TC-49 TC-54 TC-70 TC-70 TC-54 TC-54 (2 pcs) TC-64 (2 pcs) TC-70 (2 pcs) TC-75 (2 pcs) TC-70 (3 pcs) TC-64 (4 pcs) TC-70 (4 pcs) TC-70 (5 pcs) TC-80 (5 pcs)
+20 to +35
+35 to +50
1/20 R-12 1/12 R-12 1/9 R-12 1/9 R-12 1/8 R-12 1/6 R-12 1/6 R-12 1/5 R-12 1/5 R-12 1/4 R-22 1/4 R-12 1/3 R-22 1/3 R-22 1/3 1/3 R-12 1/2 R-22 1/2 R-12 3/4 R-22 3/4 R-12 1 R-22 1 R-12 1-1/2 R-22 1-1/2 R-12 2 R-22 2 R-12 3 R-22 3 R-12 4 R-22 4 R-12 5 R-12 Note: Condenser Type:
S-F 16 Ft. S-F 12 Ft. S 12 Ft. S 10 Ft. S-F 10 Ft. S 12 Ft. F 10 Ft. S 10 Ft. F 8 Ft. S-F 12 Ft. F 10 Ft. F 10 Ft. F 12 Ft. F 6 Ft. F 11 Ft. F 11 Ft. F 7-1/2 Ft. F 10 Ft. F 10 Ft. F 7-1/2 Ft. F F F 10 Ft. F F 10 Ft. F F F S = Static, F = FAN
Refrigeration Application Chart (R-12 & R-22)

8 Ft. 7-1/2 Ft. 10 Ft. 8-1/2 Ft. 8 Ft. 11 Ft. 9 Ft. 7-1/2 Ft. TC-36 TC-42 TC-42 TC-42 TC-42 TC-49 TC-49 TC-54 10 Ft. 7-1/2 Ft. 6 Ft. 6 Ft. 6 Ft. 6 Ft. 10 Ft. TC-42 TC-49 TC-42 TC-49 TC-49 TC-54 TC-64 10 Ft. 7-1/2 Ft. 8 Ft. 10 Ft. 9 Ft. 10 Ft. 9 Ft. 10 Ft. 9 Ft. 9 Ft. 9 Ft. TC-80 TC-54 (2 pcs) TC-64 (2 pcs) TC-80 (2 pcs) TC-75 (2 pcs) TC-85 (2 pcs) TC-75 (3 pcs) TC-80 (4 pcs) TC-75 (4 pcs) TC-75 (5 pcs) TC-85 (5 pcs) TC-70 (2 pcs) TC-70 (2 pcs)
58
Cap Tube Conversion Chart

Sometimes you do not have the cap tube size recommended by the manufacturer. The following J/B conversion chart shows how much longer or shorter the replacement cap tube must be.
Assume 9 feet of .040 cap tube is needed. How long would a .036 tube need to be to give the same amount of refrigerant and pressure drop? What if all you had was a .042 cap tube?
59
CAPILLARY TUBE LENGTH CONVERSION CHART

This conversion chart enables the user to translate the (4) The resultant length (Min. 5 feet/Max. 16 feet) of copper cap tube will give the same flow Capillary Tube Length recommended length of tube diameter into sizesConversion stocked by Chart characteristics as the original recommended cap tube. J/B. In using the chart it is recommended that conversions be EXAMPLE made using factors within the unshaded area. Recommended cap tube: 9'-.040 I.D. TO USE CHART (1) Locate recommended cap tube I.D. in left hand column. Locate .040 in left hand column and reading across gives the following conversion factor: No. TC-36 (.62) and TC-42 (1.25). (2) Read across and find conversion factor under copper cap tube size. Multiplying the recommended cap tube length of 9' by the conversion factor gives the following results: (3) Multiply the given length of the recommended cap tube by 5-1/2' (5'6") TC-36 and 11-1/4' (11'3") TC-42. Either of these two cap tubes will give the same results as the original cap tube of 9'-.040 I.D. the conversion factor.
Part No. Tube I.D.
9 x .62 = 5
.024 .025 .026 .028 .030 .031 .032 .033 .034 .035 .036 .037 .038 .039 .040 .041 .042 .043 .044 .045 .046 .047
TC-26 .026 1.44 1.20 1.00 .72 .52 .45
TC-31 .031
TC-36 TC-36
TC-42 TC-42
.036
.042
TC-44 .044
TC-49 .049
TC-50 .050
TC-54 .054
TC-55 .055
2.24 1.59 1.16 1.00 .86 .75 .65 .58 .50 .45 .39 .35 .31 .28 .25 .23 .20
2.00 1.75 1.54 1.35 1.16 1.00 .90 .80 .71 .62 .62 .56 .50 .45 .39 .35 .32
9 x 1.25 = 11
2.31 2.10 1.79 1.59 1.41 1.25 1.12 1.00 .87 .81 .73 .67 .59 2.22 1.92 1.75 1.55 1.38 1.24 1.11 1.00 .90 .82 .74 2.51 2.26 2.03 1.83 1.62 1.47 1.34 1.20
2.50 2.23 1.98 1.79 1.60 1.47 1.31
2.32 2.08 1.89
2.27 2.06
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T.R.O.T. for Replacement Cap Tubes

Larger must be longer, smaller must be shorter. This rule of thumb is helpful to keep in mind when using a chart for replacing cap tubes. Assume the replacement cap tube has a larger I.D. than the original:
The replacement must be longer than the original to increase the pressure drop to match the original.
If the replacement is smaller than the original:

The replacement must be shorter to reduce the pressure drop to match the original cap tube.
61
Cap Tube Comparisons Inside Diameter(ID) X Length

.031
10x.50=5 Smaller ID = Shorter length
If you used a .031 cap tube, how long would it have to be?
.036
Length = 10
Original cap tube according to the manufacturer.
If you used a .042 cap tube, how long would it have to be?
.042
Length = 10 x 2.10 = 21
Larger ID = Longer length
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Preparing for Capillary Tube Troubleshooting

For a cap tube to work properly: 1. It must be sized properly. 2. The evaporator load must be at designed conditions. 3. The refrigerant charge must be correct. 4. There must be a full column of liquid to the cap tube.
63
Causes for Evaporator Flooding on a Cap Tube System

1. Too much high side pressure
Dirty condenser Refrigerant overcharge
2. Incorrectly sized cap tube (low pressure drop)

Inside diameter (I.D.) too large Cap tube length too short Box temperature too low Blocked evaporator (dirt or ice) Fan motor bad
3. Low evaporator load
64
Causes for Evaporator Starving on a Cap Tube System

1. High evaporator load (quickly vaporizing refrigerant)
Door open or not sealing High product load
Initial start up Hot product in the box
2. High side pressure too low.

Low on refrigerant. Low ambient. Inside diameter (I.D.) too small Cap tube length too long.
3. Incorrectly sized cap tube (high pressure drop).
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Causes for Plugged Cap Tubes

Dirt or ice blocking the cap tube
Filter desiccant can also plug cap tube
Solution:
Cut off some cap tube Replace filter drier
66
Correcting a Plugged Cap Tube

1. Powder can flake off beads 2. It clogs the inlet of the cap tube
Beaded Desiccant
4. Replace the Filter Drier
3. Cut off an inch or two of cap tube to remove the restriction
67
Cutting Cap Tubes
Do not use tubing cutters Use a file to score it, then snap it J/B also makes special cutters
68
Cap tube file and Cutter

A10972 CAP TUBE FILE
Specially designed to cut and open tube. File notch around tubing at desired cutting point. Snap tube by bending at notch. Clean burrs by reaming out with special file tip. In cleaning or deburring, always hold tube downward to keep small particles from entering tube. WORKING WITH CAPILLARY TUBING Every precaution possible should be taken to prevent chips, dirt, flux, moisture, filings, etc. from entering the system when changing the cap tube. Cap tube is sealed and dehydrated from the factory.
Remember, most cap tubes have A10973 CAP CUTTING TOOL very small holes . . . it doesn't take much to plug them. The Specially designed to cut all A10972 Cap Tube File and sizes of soft and many sizes of A10973 Cap Tube Cutter are hard drawn cap tubes. specifically designed tools for working with cap tube.
69
Determining Cap Tube Size

J/B has a tool to determine the size of a capillary tube.
70
DETERMINING CAP TUBE SIZE

The A10971 Cap Tube Gauge accurately measures a full range of capillary tube sizes. Correct tube size is determined by using both the I.D. and O.D. dimensions.
.026 12MM .031 7/16 10MM 3/8 8MM 3/16 .044 1/4 6MM .049 5MM 3/15 .054
O.D. TUBE GAUGE
.036
.042
Check OD of tube in "V" slot. Compare OD with reference chart printed on back of gauge to determine probable ID. Use pin gauge to confirm actual size of ID. This same means of cross referencing can be used whenever two standard I.D.'s are very close or OD's are the same.
.059
CAP. TUBE GAUGE
5/32 .064 .072
.070
.083 .087 .093
.075
.099 .106 .109 .112 .114
.080
.085
.125
.090 .145
71
Automatic Expansion Valves

AEVs are adjusted to maintain a minimum evaporator pressure This prevents the evaporator from getting too cold Used in units that have a fairly constant load
72
Pressure Adjuster
Automatic Expansion Valve (AEV)
73
74

Chapter 05 - Metering Devices

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Chapter 05 - Metering Devices

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Student CD for Commercial Refrigeration for A/C Technicians Chapter 5 Metering Devices

Provide a temperature drop

The following slide is a cut-away view of a Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TEV)

Copyright 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning

Copyright 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning

Expansion Valve Detail Typical Walk-in using R22

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Review of How Evaporators Absorb Heat

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Evaporator Section of R22 Reach-in Refrigerator

Evaporation Starts Total Superheat

Fully Evaporated (Saturated)

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Superheat too low:

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Schrader fitting on suction line

Suction line is about 18

Clamp-on thermistor at TEV bulb

Suction pressure is 36 psig

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Lower Superheat from 10 to 6

More refrigerant in the evaporator

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Copyright 2006 Thomson Delmar Learning

Raise Superheat from 6 to 14

Less refrigerant in the evaporator

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Identifying the Valve

Evaporator Pressure Equalization:

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Expansion Valve Connections

Internal equalizer External equalizer

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What happens if an internal equalized TEV is used on a multi-circuit evaporator?

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Internal Equalized TEV on multi-circuited evaporator

External equalizer line

Distributor and tubes

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Multi-Circuit Evaporator with an Internal Equalized TEV 35 Walk-in, R22

Bulb sensing 35 suction line thinks it is maintaining 10 superheat (35 - 25)

TEV is not fully feeding evaporator, superheat rises.

280 psig 49 psig 35 psig pressure drop in distributors 35

Hey, Im starvin here!

High superheat verifies starving evaporator

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Install proper TEV

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Multi-Circuited Evaporator with External Equalized TEV

TEV properly feeds evaporator. 35

Thats more like it!

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Sensing Bulb Placement

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Factory Recommended TEV Bulb Placement

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Factory Recommended TEV Bulb Placement

Simplifying bulb location

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Rule of Thumb TEV Bulb Placement

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TEV Bulb Mounted on the Side of the Suction Line

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More suggestions on bulbs