Module 8: TPump

After completing this module, you will be able to: State the capabilities and limitations of TPump. Describe TPump commands and parameters. Prepare a TPump script.

TPump
Allows near real-time updates from transactional systems into the warehouse. Performs INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations, or a combination, from the same
source. Up to 63 DML statements can be included for one IMPORT task.

Alternative to MultiLoad for low-volume batch maintenance of large databases;

replacement for BulkLoad.

Allows target tables to: Have secondary indexes and Referential Integrity constraints. Be MULTISET or SET. Be populated or empty. Have triggers - invoked as necessary Allows conditional processing. Supports automatic restarts; uses Support Environment. No session limit use as many sessions as necessary. No limit to the number of concurrent instances. Uses row-hash locks, allowing concurrent updates on the same table. Can always be stopped and locks dropped with no ill effect. Designed for highest possible throughput. User can specify how many updates occur minute by minute; can be changed as the
job runs.

TPump Limitations
Use of SELECT is not allowed. Concatenation of data files is not supported. Exponential operators are not allowed.

Aggregate operators are not allowed.

Arithmetic functions are not supported. There is a limit of four IMPORT commands within a single TPump "load" task. In using TPump with dates before 1900 or after 1999, the year portion of the date must be represented by four numerals (yyyy).

The default of two numerals (yy) to represent the year is interpreted to be the 20th
century.

The correct date format must be specified at the time of table creation.

.BEGIN LOAD Statement

Many of the .BEGIN parameters are comparable to those for MultiLoad.
.BEGIN LOAD SESSIONS ERRORTABLE ERRLIMIT CHECKPOINT TENACITY SLEEP

max [min] tablename errcount frequency hours minutes

(required) (defaults to jobname_ET) [errpercent] (default is 15 minutes) (default is 4) (default is 6)

However, TPump has numerous parameters on the .BEGIN LOAD statement that are unique to TPump.
SERIALIZE ON | OFF PACK number PACKMAXIMUM RATE number LATENCY number NOMONITOR ROBUST ON | OFF MACRODB dbname (default ON if UPSERT) (default is 20, max is 600) (use maximum pack factor) (default is unlimited) (range is 10 600 seconds) (default is monitoring on) (default is ON) (default is logtable dbase) ;

TPump Specific Parameters

Specific TPump .BEGIN LOAD parameters are: SERIALIZE ON | OFF
ON guarantees that operations on a given key combination (row) occur serially. Used only when a primary index is specified. KEY option must be specified if SERIALIZE ON. Number of statements to pack into a multiple-statement request. Number of statements to pack into a multiple-statement request.

PACK PACKMAXIMUM

statements

RATE
LATENCY NOMONITOR ROBUST MACRODB

statement rate
seconds

Initial maximum rate at which statements are sent per minute. If the statement rate is zero or unspecified, the rate is unlimited.
# of seconds before a partial buffer is sent to the database. Prevents TPump from checking for statement rate changes from or update status information for the TPump Monitor.

ON | OFF dbname

OFF signals TPump to use simple restart logic; TPump will begin where the last checkpoint occurred. Indicate a database to contain any macros used by TPump.

.BEGIN LOAD PACK

PACK specifies the number of statements to pack into a multi-statement
request.

Improves network/channel efficiency by reducing the number of sends and

receives between the application and Teradata.

Increasing the PACK rate improves throughput performance to a certain

level.

Restrictions to consider: 64K message size limit TPump limit of 600 statements

Teradata USING clause limit of 2560 columns (from 507) Teradata Plastic Steps limit

.BEGIN LOAD SERIALIZE OFF

With SERIALIZE OFF, transactions are processed in the order they are encountered and
placed in the first available buffer. Buffers are sent to PE sessions and different PEs process the data independently of other PEs.

SERIALIZE OFF does not guarantee the order in which transactions are processed.
This set of transactions may be processed first. Transaction File PI Time 01 8:00 03 8:01 02 8:02 01 8:03 04 8:04 05 8:05 03 8:06 01 8:07 08 8:08 06 8:09 07 8:10 01 8:11 03 8:12 02 8:13 TPump Buffers 01 8:00 03 8:01 02 8:02 01 8:03 04 8:04 05 8:05 03 8:06 01 8:07 08 8:08 06 8:09 07 8:10 01 8:11 : :

Session 1 01 8:00 03 8:01 02 8:02 01 8:03 08 8:08 06 8:09 07 8:10 01 8:11

Session 2 04 8:04 05 8:05 03 8:06 01 8:07 03 8:12 02 8:13

AMP 0

AMP 1

AMP 2

AMP 3

AMP

AMP N

Teradata

.BEGIN LOAD SERIALIZE ON

SERIALIZE ON can eliminate lock delays or potential deadlocks caused by primary index
collisions, improving performance.

SERIALIZE guarantees both input record order and all records with the same PI value
will be handled in the same session. It is recommended to specify the PI in the statement column(s) as KEY.

KEY Fields determine the PE session in which TPump send the transaction to.
Transaction File PI Time 01 8:00 03 8:01 02 8:02 01 8:03 04 8:04 05 8:05 03 8:06 01 8:07 08 8:08 06 8:09 07 8:10 01 8:11 03 8:12 02 8:13 TPump Buffers 01 8:00 02 8:02 01 8:03 01 8:07 03 8:01 04 8:04 05 8:05 03 8:06 08 8:08 06 8:09 01 8:11 02 8:13 : : Session 1 01 8:00 02 8:02 01 8:03 01 8:07 08 8:08 06 8:09 01 8:11 02 8:13 Session 2 03 8:01 04 8:04 05 8:05 03 8:06 07 8:10 03 8:12

AMP 0

AMP 1

AMP 2

AMP 3

AMP

AMP N

Teradata

.BEGIN LOAD ROBUST ON

ROBUST ON is the default for all TPUMP jobs. This option avoids re-applying rows that have already been processed in the
event of a restart.

Causes a row to be written to the log table each time a buffer has successfully
completed its updates.
The larger the TPump PACK factor, the less overhead involved in this activity.

These rows are deleted from the log when a checkpoint is taken. ROBUST ON is recommended for these specific conditions:
INSERTS into multi-set tables, as such tables will allow re-insertion of the same
rows multiple times.

When UPDATEs are based on calculations or percentage increases. If PACK factors are large, and applying and rejecting duplicates after a restart
would be time-consuming.

If data is time-stamped at the time it is inserted into the database.

ROBUST ON is always a good idea for TPump jobs that read from queues. It
keeps duplicates from being re-inserted into the table in the event of a restart.

Sample TPump Script (1 of 2)

.LOGTABLE restart_log_tpp; .LOGON tdpid/username,password; .BEGIN LOAD SESSIONS 4 PACK 40 ERRORTABLE .LAYOUT layout12; .FIELD table_code .FIELD A_Account_Number .FIELD A_Number .FIELD A_Street .FIELD A_City .FIELD A_State .FIELD A_Zip_Code .FIELD A_Balance_Forward .FIELD A_Balance_Current .FIELD C_Customer_Number .FIELD C_Last_Name .FIELD C_First_Name .FIELD C_Social_Security .FIELD T_Trans_Number .FIELD T_Trans_Date .FIELD T_Account_Number .FIELD T_Trans_ID .FIELD T_Trans_Amount

Errors_tpp 1 2 * * * * * * * 2 * * * 2 * * * *

SERIALIZE OFF RATE 4800 ERRLIMIT 50 ;

CHAR(1); INTEGER; INTEGER; CHAR(25); CHAR(20); CHAR(2); INTEGER; DECIMAL(10,2); DECIMAL (10,2); INTEGER; CHAR(30); CHAR(20); INTEGER; INTEGER; CHAR(10); INTEGER; CHAR(4); DECIMAL(10,2);

Sample TPump Script (2 of 2)

.DML LABEL lns_Account; INSERT INTO Accounts (account_number, number, street, city, state, zip_code, balance_forward, balance_current ) VALUES ( :A_Account_Number, :A_Number, :A_Street, :A_City, :A_State, :A_Zip_Code, :A_Balance_Forward, :A_Balance_Current ); .DML LABEL lns_Trans; INSERT INTO Trans (trans_number, trans_date, account_number, trans_id, trans_amount) VALUES ( :T_Trans_Number, :T_Trans_Date, :T_Account_Number, :T_Trans_Id, :T_Trans_Amount ); .DML LABEL lns_Customer; INSERT INTO Customer (customer_number, last_name, first_name, social_security) VALUES ( :C_Customer_Number, :C_Last_Name, :C_First_Name, :C_Social_Security); .IMPORT INFILE datafile1 LAYOUT layout12 APPLY lns_Account WHERE table_code = 'A' APPLY lns_Trans WHERE table_code = 'T' APPLY lns_Customer WHERE table_code = 'C'; .IMPORT INFILE datafile2 LAYOUT layout12 APPLY lns_Account WHERE table_code = 'A' APPLY lns_Trans WHERE table_code = 'T' APPLY lns_Customer WHERE table_code = 'C'; .END LOAD; .LOGOFF;

TPump Compared with MultiLoad

MultiLoad performance improves as the volume of changes increases. TPump does better on relatively low volumes of changes.
TPump improves performance via a multiple statement request. TPump uses macros to modify tables rather than the actual DML
commands. Ex. of macro name - M2000216_105642_01_0001

MultiLoad uses the DML statements. TPump uses row hash locking to allow for concurrent read and write access
to target tables. It can be stopped with target tables fully accessible.

In Phase 4, MultiLoad locks tables for write access until it completes.

Additional TPump Statements

DATABASE EXEC(UTE) Changes the default database qualification for all DML statements. Specifies a user-created macro for execution. The macro named is resident in the Teradata database. DATABASE database ; EXECUTE [database.]macro_name UPDATE/UPD INSERT/INS DELETE/DEL UPSERT/UPS ;

Commands and statements in common with MultiLoad:

ACCEPT DELETE DISPLAY DML FIELD FILLER IF / ELSE / ENDIF IMPORT INSERT LAYOUT LOGON LOGOFF LOG ROUTE RUN SET SYSTEM TABLE UPDATE

Invoking TPump
Network Attached Systems: Channel-Attached MVS Systems: tpump [PARAMETERS] < scriptname >outfilename // EXEC TDSTPUMP PARM= [PARAMETERS]

Channel-Attached VM Systems:
Channel Parameter BRIEF Network Parameter -b

EXEC TPUMP [PARAMETERS]

Description
Reduces print output runtime to the least information required to determine success or failure. Specify a character set or its code. Examples are EBCDIC, ASCII, or Kanji sets. Alternate file specification for error messages; produces a duplicate record. Signifies the start of a TPump job; usually a RUN FILE command that specifies the script file. keep macros that were created during the job run. Additional statistical data in addition to the regular statistics. Name of file that contains TPump commands and SQL statements. Name of output file for TPump messages.

CHARSET=charsetname -c charsetname ERRLOG=filename "tpump command" MACROS

.

-e filename -r 'tpump cmd' -m -v

VERBOSE
. < scriptname

> outfilename

TPump Statistics
. . Candidate records considered:..... Apply conditions satisfied:....... Candidate records not applied:....... Candidate records rejected:.......... IMPORT 1 ========= 200 200 0 0 Total thus far =========== 200 200 0 0 Activity 100 100

** Statistics for Apply Label : UPS_ACCOUNT Type Database Table or Macro Name U TLJC25 Accounts I TLJC25 Accounts

**** 17:33:50 UTY0821 Error table TLJC25.errtable_tpp is EMPTY, dropping table. 0018 .LOGOFF; ===================================================================== = = = Logoff/Disconnect = = = ===================================================================== **** 17:34:08 UTY6216 The restart log table has been dropped. **** 17:34:08 UTY6212 A successful disconnect was made from the RDBMS. **** 17:34:08 UTY2410 Total processor time used = '2.43 Seconds' . Start : 17:33:13 - TUE MAY 06, 2003 . End : 17:34:08 - TUE MAY 06, 2003 . Highest return code encountered = '0'. Note: These statistics are not for the example TPump job shown earlier in this module.

TPump Monitor
Tool to control and track TPump imports.

The table SysAdmin.TPumpStatusTbl is updated once a minute. Alter the statement rate on an import by updating this table using
macros.

Use macros and views to access this table.

DBA Tools View

SysAdmin.TPumpStatus - view allows DBAs to view all of the TPump jobs.

Macro

SysAdmin.TPumpUpdateSelect - allows DBAs to manage individual TPump jobs.

User Tools

View

SysAdmin.TPumpStatusX - allows users to view their own TPump jobs.

Macro

TPumpMacro.UserUpdateSelect - allows users to manage their own jobs.

INMODs
Data

TPump
0

INMOD

Teradata

INMOD to TPump return codes: After a READ call.

Valid data record in Buffer EOF not reached. Length field reflects correct length of output record. If an input record was supplied to the INMOD from TPump and is to be skipped, the length field should be set to zero. If no input record was supplied, setting the length to zero indicates EOF.

Non 0

INMOD indicates end-of-file condition.

Indicates a successful operation. Indicates a processing error; TPump will terminate Calling for the first time. INMOD should open files to read data. TPump expects a record. TPump expects a record. TPump has been restarted. INMOD should position itself to the last checkpoint. There may be re-positioning information in the data buffer. Request for INMOD to take a Checkpoint. The INMOD should return any information (up to 100 bytes) needed to reposition itself. TPump saves this in the Restart Log Table. Request for INMOD to reposition itself at the last checkpoint. Repositioning information may be in the data buffer. Request for INMOD to wrap up at termination. Request for INMOD to initialize and receive record. Request for INMOD to receive next record.

INMOD to TPump return codes: After a non-READ call.

0 1 0 1

TPump to INMOD additional return codes.

2 3

Note: TPump can also use the MultiLoad INMOD return codes.

4 5 6 7

Application Utility Checklist

Feature BTEQ FastLoad FastExport MultiLoad TPump

DDL Functions
DML Functions Multiple DML Multiple Tables Multiple Sessions Protocol Used Conditional Expressions Arithmetic Calculations

ALL
ALL Yes Yes Yes SQL Yes Yes

LIMITED
INSERT No No Yes
FASTLOAD

No
SELECT Yes Yes Yes EXPORT Yes Yes

ALL

ALL

INS/UPD/DEL INS/UPD/DEL

Yes Yes Yes

MULTILOAD

Yes Yes Yes

SQL

No No
1 per column

Yes Yes

Yes No

Data Conversion
Error Files Error Limits User-written Routines

Yes
No No No

Yes
No No Yes

Yes
Yes Yes Yes

Yes
Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Summary

Allows near real-time updates from transactional systems into the warehouse. Performs INSERTs, UPDATEs, and DELETEs to more than 60 tables at a time. Alternative to MultiLoad for low-batch maintenance of large databases; replacement for BulkLoad. Uses row-hash locks, allowing concurrent updates on the same table. Can always be stopped and locks dropped with no ill effect. User can specify how many updates occur minute by minute; can be changed as the job runs. No arithmetic functions or file concatenations.

Review Questions
Match the item in the first column to its corresponding statement in the second column. _____ 1. TPump purpose A. Query against TPump status table

_____ 2. MultiLoad purpose

_____ 3. Row hash locking _____ 4. PACK

B. Concurrent updates on same table

C. Low-volume changes D. Use to specify how many statements to put in a multi-statement request E. Large volume changes F. Used instead of DML

_____ 5. MACRO _____ 6. Statement rate change

Module 8: Review Question Answers

Match the item in the first column to its corresponding statement in the second column. __C__ 1. TPump purpose A. Query against TPump status table

__E__ 2. MultiLoad purpose

__B__ 3. Row hash locking __D__ 4. PACK

B. Concurrent updates on same table

C. Low-volume changes D. Use to specify how many statements to put in a multi-statement request E. Large volume changes F. Used instead of DML

__F__ 5. MACRO __A__ 6. Statement rate change

Lab Exercises
Lab Exercise 8-1
Purpose In this lab, you will perform an operation similar to lab 7-2, using TPump instead of MultiLoad. For this exercise, use a PACK of 20 and a RATE of 2400. What you need Data file (data8_1) created from macro AU.Lab8_1. Tasks 1. Delete all rows from the Accounts Table and use the following INSERT/SELECT to create 100 rows of test data: INSERT INTO Accounts SELECT * FROM AU.Accounts WHERE Account_Number LT 20024101 ; 2. Export data to the file data8_1 using the macro AU.lab8_1. 3. Prepare a TPump script which performs an UPSERT operation (INSERT MISSING UPDATE) on your Accounts table as a single operation. Use the data from data8_1 as input to the UPSERT script. If the row exists, UPDATE the Balance_Current with the appropriate incoming value. If not, INSERT a row into the Accounts table. In your script, be sure to set a statement rate. 4. Run the script. 5. Validate your results. TPump should have performed 100 UPDATES and 100 INSERTS with a final return code of zero.

Lab Solutions for Lab 8-1

cat lab813.tpp .LOGTABLE Restartlog813_tpp ; .LOGON u4455/tljc30,tljc30 ; .BEGIN LOAD SESSIONS 4 PACK .LAYOUT Record_Layout_813; .FIELD in_accountno 1 .FIELD in_number * .FIELD in_street * .FIELD in_city * .FIELD in_state * .FIELD in_zip_code * .FIELD in_balancefor * .FIELD in_balancecur *

40 RATE 4800; INTEGER KEY; INTEGER; CHAR(25); CHAR(20); CHAR(2); INTEGER; DECIMAL (10,2); DECIMAL (10,2);

.DML LABEL Fix_Account DO INSERT FOR MISSING UPDATE ROWS ; UPDATE Accounts SET WHERE Balance_Current = :in_balancecur Account_Number = :in_accountno ;

INSERT INTO Accounts VALUES (:in_accountno, :in_number, :in_street, :in_city, :in_state, :in_zip_code, :in_balancefor, :in_balancecur); .IMPORT INFILE data8_1 LAYOUT Record_Layout_813 APPLY Fix_Account; .END LOAD; .LOGOFF; tpump < lab813.tpp > lab813.out