01 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI Confidential
WCDMA
RNP&RNO
Conspectus
1
Main Topics
WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
2
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning
WCDMA Nominal Planning
WCDMA Final Design
3
RNP Definition
According to deployment and evolution requirements, as well as cost-effectiveness
consideration, generate the amount of Network Elements (NE), NE configuration, and
Transmission design between different NE.
Network Planning Scope
OCore networkfocus on CN element dimension and configuration.
ORadio networkfocus on RAN element dimension and configuration
OTransmission network
focus on link dimension and
configuration between network elements.
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub
Iub
Iub Iub
Definition & Scope
4
WCDMA network planning solution
O WCDMA Radio network planning (NodeB/RNC)
O WCDMA Transmission network planning (Iu/Iur/Iub)
O WCDMA Core network planning (CS/PS domain)
O WCDMA RNP tools development
U-Net
Huawei
Network KPI
Pilot pollution
Soft-handover ratio and probability
Access probability of
different services
Best Server Distribution
CE dimension
Estimation result
5
Objectives of network planning
The RF Design of wireless system revolves four
main principles. These principles are Coverage,
Capacity, Quality and Cost. And further, adapt to
the future network development and expansion.
6
Realize 11 frequency reuse
The capacity per WCDMA cell is soft for
it is related to environment and neighbor
cell interference.
Supports multiple services with different
speed rate and QoS, and each service
has different coverage range.

Adopts cellular network structure and
frequency planning to guarantee
intra/inter-frequency interference
Users supported can be calculated from
carriers and timeslots if the interference
meets the requirements.
Provides voice service
Difference between WCDMA and GSM
GSM WCDMA
64K 12.2K 144K 384K
7
WCDMA RNP procedure overview
Capacity
Quality
Coverage
Interference
Final design
preparation
Dimensioning Nominal Planning
Site survey
Deployment
Detailed planning
& pre-optimization
Preliminary design
8
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Preliminary Design
WCDMA Cell Planning
CONTENTS
9
Input & Output
Coverage related
O Coverage area
O Coverage probability
Capacity related
O Traffic model
O Service model
O User density
Quality related
O QoS requirements
O GoS requirements
O Demodulation
threshold
System
dimensioning
O Number of sites
System configuration
O Sector structure
O Number of carriers
Cost on network
construction
O Site cost
O Equipment cost
Input
Output
Coverage design
Capacity design
10
C Receiver Sensitivity
C P
DCH_Max

C Minimum Required Signal Strength
C EiRP
C P
UE_Max
Slow Fading Margin
Penetration Loss
TX RX
Duplexer
C C
CC
Antenna
UE
PL_DL
PL_UL
Body Loss
Interference Margin
Fast Fading Margin
Margin for Background
Noise
TX RX
Duplexer
C C
CC
Cable
Antenna
Node B
Interference Margin
Fast Fading Margin
Margin for Background
Noise
Soft Handover
Area
SHO Gain
WCDMA Link Budget
11
Network Dimension flow chart

DU ??km^2
U ?? km^2
SU ??km^2
RA ??km^2
HW ??km
Geographical information
DU km
2
U km
2
SU km
2
RA km
2
HW km
2

Adjust
UL loading
Downwards

UL cell range
with specific
UL loading
Service-specific Information
Service Type, Proportion
Service Density
Service Forecast

DL Loading
in specific
circumstances

Cell Range
Y (Capacity-limited)

COST231-HATA,.. .
Applicable Propagation Model
COST231-HATA, ...

If the upper limit
of configuration
be reached
Large than

Less than (Coverage-limited)
Shrink the Cell
Cell Loading vs.
Maximum Allowable Value
N
Add the amount of configuration
(sectorization, carriers,...)
Equal to
SiteConfiguration
Cell Range
Number of Site
12
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Final Design
CONTENTS
13
Nominal Planning
O Based on the result of network dimension, preliminary design
present Information of theoretical sites including following :
Site coordinates.
Engineering parameters such as Antenna height, azimuths and tilts.
Radio parameters such as scrambling code ,transmit power of different
channels , etc.
14
Preliminary design flow chart
Radio
Network
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Report
Contract
Initial sites
choosing
System
simulation
Target
Size
Phase No.
Available sites
information
Site adjustment?
Y
N
Bidding
Document
Sites importing
Propagation
model
Nominal planning report
(Including: search ring and
Theoretical site specification)
15
About simulation
O Unlike GSM network, in CDMA coverage and capacity are too inter-related to
be predicted accurately, so we introduced Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate
the performance of a radio network.
EcEc/Iopilot pollution distribution
Soft (softer) handover area analysis
UE transmit power
Eb/No, access successful rate of each service

O Monte Carlo is a static simulation
During Monte Carlo simulation, the performance of the network is analyzed over various
instances in time (snapshot), where UEs are in statistically determined places with the
given traffic model. The ability of each terminal to make its connection to the network is
calculated through an iterative process.
WCDMA simulation
16
Setup
network
Design
Run Pilot
Field
Strength
Prediction
Pilot
Level
OK?
Traffic
Forecast
Avail?
Run UMTS
Traffic
simulation
Setup fixed
Load values
Make predictions
(Services)
Performance
Requirements
Fulfilled?
Neighbors planning&
Scrambling code
allocation
RNP Input &
Equipment
configuration
Neighborhood
planning criteria
Scrambling code
allocation criteria
Output
parameters
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
Traffic model
Simulation flow-chart
17
Simulation output
Simulation output
O Pilot coverage (Ec, Ec/Io) in the target
areas
O Best server plot
O Coverage probability distribution of each
service
O Access failure distribution and statistic of
each service
O Continuous coverage areas of each
service
O Cell load distribution of downlink and
uplink
O Pilot pollution distribution
O Soft handover areas statistic of each
service

18
Preliminary design output
Project background introduction
Target areas information such as population, district division etc.
Radio network solution: sites distribution plot, sites list etc.
Performance summary based on the simulation result.
Annex: simulation output
In preliminary design stage, we choose initial sites, do network performance
simulation, conduct adjustment according to the simulation result, until
finally we get all performance requirements fulfilled, then we can output the
<<XX project WCDMA Radio Network preliminary design Report>> with
following contents:
19
WCDMA RNP Overview
WCDMA Final Design
CONTENTS
20
Final Design flow-chart
Site list
Radio network
preliminary plan
report
New site or not

2G site or not
Output Search
Rings
Identify theoretical
site
Confirm site
conditions
or not
Site survey report
Meet site
requirements
or not
Yes
Site survey
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Noise test
Noise test report
Based on the preliminary design report,
we conduct more detailed cell planning.
21
For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in this phase through
following steps:

Define search areas
Site ranking
Identify candidate sites
Site acquisition
Site Survey
O A suitable physical site
Give adequate radio coverage.
Have connectivity into the transmission network.
Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community.
Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.

A3rd
D1st
C2nd
B - Unsuitable
22
Site Survey report
O The surveyor will prepare a report listing the options, and
following items will included in the report:
Accurate grid reference.
Accurate height of structures or available antenna windows.
Photographs of the site.
360 panoramic photos from site or if obstructed from nearby
location/structure.

From site survey report, RNP engineers can derive
appropriate site location, antenna type,
height, azimuth, down tilt, etc.

23
Verification by system simulation
It is an iterative process to
verify the final design until
all the requirements are
fulfilled

Coverage prediction
RNP
Planning
results
Are
Requirement
s Fulfilled?
Traffic distribution System simulation
24
WCDMA RNP output

LAC, RAC, SAC Plan
Neighbor relation plan (intra-frequency, inter-
frequency, and inter-system)
Frequency plan
Scrambling code plan
Power allocation for each channel
Handover parameters
Access control parameters
Other radio parameters

After performance verification by simulation, we produce <<XX project
RNP report>> with more detailed contents. In order to guide the project
implementation, the report should also include following items
25
WCDMA RNP summary
26
Main Topics
27
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification
Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
28
To enhance network performance
--- e.g. coverage/accessibility/mobility
To resolve specific issues
--- e.g. interference/coverage
To improve subscribers QoE
--- e.g. service quality/drop calls
To enhance network stability
--- e.g. traffic increase/upgrade
Network Optimization Target
29
Construction phase
Troubleshooting
Booming phase
Potential Seeking
Mature phase
Balancing
Time
S
u
b
s
.

N
u
m
b
e
r

RF plan review
Single site verification
Pre-launch optimization
KPI analysis Complaints DT & CQT
Customized and
differentiated
services
Billing strategies
Drop call
Congestion
Poor quality
Access failure

RF adjustment
Para. adjustment
Maintenance and upgrade
Network expansion
.
Investment
Return
Commercial
launch
Optimization throughout Life Cycle
30
Network Optimization Phases
RF optimization
Y
N
N
Y
80 sites in the
cluster ready?
Service test and
parameter optimization
Routine drive test and
stats. analysis
Acceptance criteria
satisfied?
New site integrated
Optimization
preparation
Acceptance
31
Network Optimization Phases
To verify the functionality of new sites
--- e.g. site installation, basic functions of the cell
RF optimization
To control interference & pilot pollution
To optimize coverage & 3G neighbor lists
Services test & para. optimization
To evaluate network performance
To optimize network parameters
Regular route testing & stats. analysis
To monitor & evaluate network performance
To identify & solve new network issues
--- e.g. issues caused by traffic increase
32
Brief Introduction
33
Site Verification Target
To verify cell coverage
CPICH RSCP

To investigate interference
NodeB RTWP & CPICH Ec/Io

To verify site installation
e.g. PA/antenna/feeders issues

To check service function
CS call & PS attach/detach
34
Site Verification Items
Cell basic information confirm
Item: frequency, SC, LAC/RAC
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: basic parameters check
Cell coverage verification
Item: CPICH RSCP
Tool: engineering UE or scanner
Purpose: identify equipment issues
--- e.g. PA, antenna, feeder connection, etc
35
Site Verification Items
Cell interference investigation
O Item: NodeB RTWP, CPICH Ec/Io
O Tool: NodeB LMT, engineering UE or scanner
O Purpose: UL/DL interference investigation
Service function verification
O Item: voice (MO/MT), VP (MO/MT)
PS attach/detach, PDP activation
O Tool: engineering UE
O Purpose: CS/PS service function check
36
An example Check list
Example: Site Verification Checklist

Single Site Verification Checklist
Site expanded from:
Site migrated from RNC:
New site Expansion
Site Connected to RNC:
Idle mode
Note: If the item is OK, mark the "" before it by "" otherwise, mark the"" by "". If the item is not check, mark the "" before it by "/".
HSDPA 10 Normal function to access HSDPA

Migration Others

New Site:
Site Expansion:
Reminder
Mapinfo Update
Data Base Update
To:
To RNC:

Site Name:
Remarks
CPICH_RSCP > 75 dBm near site
Coverage DT 9 Check by DT whether the overall quality of service and coverage areas have reached the planned target
Connected mode
Mobile originated and terminated calls of VP service

8 Connection of PS services

Mobile originated and terminated calls of voice services
7
CPICH_EcIo > 8 dB near site

Site ID:
No. Activity/Process
Site Migration
Others

3 LAC/RAC data configuration
1
4
2 Scramble configuration
Frequency configuration
5
Remarks (further explanation):
2-Name/Designation: Signature: Date:
Reviewed by:
1-Name/Designation: Signature: Date:
X
37
Brief Introduction

38
RF Optimization Target
To optimize coverage

To minimize pilot pollution

To optimize cell dominance

To optimize neighbor cell list

To resolve RF-related drop calls
39
RF Optimization Procedure
Drive test
Identify RF issues
Identify candidate
cells for changes
Identify nature of
required changes
Determine amount
of changes
Implement changes
Repeat drive test
Finished
N
Problem resolved?
Y
40
RF Parameters Optimization
Engineering parameters adjustment
O To adjust antenna down tilt
O To adjust antenna azimuth
O To adjust antenna location
O To adjust antenna height
O To replace antenna
O To replace site
O To add new cell
Radio part parameters adjustment
O To optimize neighbor cell list
41
CPICH Coverage Optimization
Ways to optimize:
(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or tilt;
(2)Increase ant. height;
(3)Replace high-gain antenna;
(4)Add new cells;
Ways to optimize:
(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or tilt;
(2)Decrease ant. height;
(3)Adjust CPICH power
Ways to optimize:
(1)UL or DL coverage limited?
(2)Optimize UL or DL
interference
Poor coverage cells

Over shooting cells

UL & DL coverage imbalance
CPICH coverage analysis:
42
Poor Coverage: Example
43
Cell Dominance Optimization
Cells with no dominance at all
To indicate the site not radiating
or to indicate antennas blocking
Cells with excessive or poor dominance
Due to non-optimum antenna tilts
or due to a high site
Areas of non-dominance
Due to no a single clear dominant cell
Cell dominance analysis:
Site visit
needed
(1) Frequent soft HO
(2) Interference to adjacent
cells
44
Poor Cell Dominance: Example
45
Pilot Pollution Minimization
-62
-64
-66
-68
-69
-81
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
SC1 SC2 SC3 SC4 SC5 SC6
R
S
C
P

(
d
B
m
)
Active Set Pilot Pollution
Margin
Not
Pilot Pollution
Ways to optimize:
(1) Antenna
adjustment
(e.g. azimuth or
down tilt)
(2) Pilot power
optimization
SHO candidates (A)
Active set size (B)
If A>B, pilot pollution exists
Pilot pollution definition:
Pilot pollution will result in:
(1) low signal quality
(2) decreased system capacity
(3) Call drops easier
46
Pilot Pollution: Example
47
Neighbor Cell List Optimization
Data collection: drive test
Data comparison: scanner, UE
How to optimize?
How to optimize neighbor cell List?
(1)Compare coverage difference b/w
Scanner and UE
(2) Add missing neighbor cells
(3) Remove useless neighbor cells
Neighbor list classification:
Intra-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-RAT neighbor cell list
Neighbor cell list influences:
(1) Service Handover (drop call)
(2) Cell Reselection
Drive test (service test):
Drop calls during moving
48
RF-related Drop Calls
Poor coverage

High interference

Poor UL coverage

Poor dominance

Pilot pollution

Missing neighbors
Problems
Fast change of RF conditions usually
causes drop calls, e.g. turning a corner.
Poor RSCP & Ec/Io

Poor Ec/Io or RTWP

UE max Tx power

many SHO events

many cells present
Appearance
49
Brief Introduction
50
Para. Optimization Target
To reduce access failures

To reduce drop calls

To enhance service quality
Para. optimization
is an important step
after RF optimization
Service quality and network resources
utilization
will be improved after para. optimization
51
Parameters to be Optimized
CCCH power allocation para.
RL maximum power para.
Cell re-selection para.
Intra-freq. handover para.
Inter-RAT handover para.
Power control para.
Access power para.
Other related para.
The influence caused by the cell
parameters adjustment should
be analyzed carefully.
Seldom adjusted
An effective way to
reduce drop calls
52
Brief Introduction
53
Regular Drive Testing Target
To get benchmark of the performance of
the network and users experience
To monitor the progress of on-going
optimisation activities
To validate new features of the RAN
To identify degradation in coverage
and/or increase in interference
call setup SR,
call drop rate,
PS throughputs
As a result of increased
traffic or changes in
environment
Routine drive tests should be
carried out (e.g. on monthly)
54
Routine Stats. Analysis Target
To benchmark network performance
To monitor traffic volumes & patterns
To assess impact of parameter changes
To identify poorly performing cells
To provide triggers for network upgrade
decisions
55
KPI Analysis: RRC Connection setup SR
Main reasons for failed RRC connection setups:
(1) poor coverage; (2) low FACH power
56
KPI Analysis: CS RAB setup SR
Possible reasons for RAB Setup failures:
(1) poor coverage; (2) no enough resource
57
KPI Analysis: CS Drop Calls
Typical reasons for drop calls:
(1) poor coverage (e.g. SRB/TRB reset);
(2) Strong UL/DL interference
(3) Insufficient handover area
58
KPI Analysis: Inter-RAT HO SR
Data discrepancies between 3G network and 2G
network have direct impact on inter-RAT HO SR.
e.g. BSIC wrong
configured
in 3G network
59
MSC/SSP/VLR
HLR/AC
GMSC/SSP
PSTN
PLMN
ISDN
iManager
TM
M2000
GENEX
Nastar
GENEX
Assistant
GENEX
Probe
CN
Node B
Node B
Node B
RNC
RNC
Node B
Node B
Node B
RNS
RNS
+ GENEX Probe
+ AGILENT
+ QUALCOMM
+ HUAWEI RNC
Professional Optimization Tools
Performance/alarms
/configurations/
engineering para.
Capture test data
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

R
e
s
u
l
t

s
h
a
r
i
n
g

RAN auto
configuration
console
60
Summary
UMTS Network
Optimization
To provide a more competitive
network for Operator
To provide better quality of
experience for Subscribers
Trade-off between optimized
coverage, capacity, quality
Ongoing optimization across
network life cycle
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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CPICH_RSCP > 75 dBm near site

Mobile originated and terminated calls of VP service

CPICH_EcIo > 8 dB near site

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CPICH_RSCP > 75 dBm near site

Mobile originated and terminated calls of VP service

CPICH_EcIo > 8 dB near site

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01 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus

01 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus