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Minia University

Faculty Of Engineering

Automotive Departement 2006


Presents:
Braking system

Presented By:
Deiaa magdy nagib

Under The Supervision Of:


Dr. Khaled Ali Abd elgwad

Contents
1.0 ABS anti-lock braking

systems for passenger cars


2.0 Theoretical Work 3.0 Experimental Work 4.0 Results and Discussion

ABS antilock braking systems for passenger cars:

1.0 ABS for passenger car 2.0 ABS Components


3.0 Operation Of ABS

ABS anti-lock braking systems are closed- loop control devices within the braking system which prevent wheel lock-up during braking and, as a result, retain the vehicles steerability and stability.

ABS Components:

1.0 - Wheel Speed Sensors 2.0 - Electronic Control Unit 3.0 - Hydraulic Modulator 4.0 - Electric Circuit

Wheel Speed Sensors:


Its Functio is to measure the pluse made from the magnetic flux cut from the revolution of the gear wheel, and then it transmitts this signal to the ECU.

Electronic Control Unit:


The ECU receives, amplifies and filters sensor, as well as measuring and differentiating speeds. From this data, it calculates the brake slip and peripheral wheel Deceleration and acceleration.

Hydraulic Modulator:
The hydraulic modulator converts the ECU commands and, independently of the driver, uses them to control the pressure in the wheel brakes via solenoid valves. It acts as the hydraulic link between the Brake master cylinder and the wheel-brake cylinders and is located in the engine compartment so that the hydraulic lines for the brake master Cylinder and to the wheel brake cylinders can be kept.

It consists of: 1- Return Pump

2- Accumulators 3- Solenoid Valve

Electric Circuit:

Operation Of ABS:
The Theory behind anti-lock brakes is simple.A Skidding wheel (where the tire contact Patch is sliding relative to the road) has less traction than a non-skidding wheel.
The Benefits of anti-lock brakes : 1- The vehicle will stop faster 2- The driver will be able to steer while he stops.

Theoretical Work:

1.0 - Algorithms for single wheels system:


a) By wheel velocity b) By wheel deceleration

2.0 - Algorithm for multi wheels system:


3.0 - LabView Programming

Experimental Work: It consists of: 1.0 - ABS Simulation Model I 2.0 - ABS Simulation Model II

ABS Simulation I:

A) Purpose
B) Components: 1.0 - Mechanical system

2.0 - Electrical system


3.0 - Hydraulic system

A) Purpose :
Simulate the action of a true system by modeling the action of a true wheel

Mechanical System:
A) DC Motor B) Gear

C) Variable Resistance

A) Dc-Motor :
Specifications:
Power = 0.125 HP Voltage Range = 0 -12 Volts Maximum Current = 4.5 Amperes It Can Be Controlled By A Variable Resistance, which Control the current Input To The dc Motor So That We Can Control The Velocity

B) Gear:
A metallic gear used to cut the magnetic field of the magnetic backup to give pulses as an indication for velocity.

C) Variable Resistance: It is an adjustable resistance used to decrease the current going to motor so that the change in resistance control the angular velocity of the motor and the same time can stand the heat generated.

Electrical System: It's Composed of:1.0 - Electronic Control Unit 2.0 - Wheel Speed Sensors

3.0 - Electric Circuit

1.0 - Electronic Control Unit [ECU]:


It contains the logic of the system and also used to receive the input values And deal with it.

1.0 - Electronic Control Unit


A) Input Circuit B) Digital Controller C) Output Circuits D) Voltage Stabilizer, fault memory

2.0 - Wheel Speed Sensors:


- The wheel speed sensor consists of a magnetic pick-up and a toothed sensor ring tone ring.

- The sensor pick-up has a magnetic core surrounded by coil windings.


- The wheel speed sensor signal is sent to the ABS control module and converted into a digital signal and then processed.

3.0 - Electric Circuit:

3.0 - Hydraulic system: Its composed of:

A) Hydraulic Modulator B) Hydraulic Master Cylinder

1.0 - Hydraulic Modulator:


A) Functions Of Hydraulic Modulator B) Components Of Hydraulic Modulator:

1.0 - Accumulator 2.0 - Return Pump 3.0 - Solenoid Valve

ABS Simulation Model II:


A) Purpose B) Components: 1.0 - Mechanical system 2.0 - Electrical system

3.0 - Hydraulic system

1.0 - Mechanical System:

It consists of a wheel tire interaction and that system is modeled by input values for the velocities, this input may be taken from excel program.

2.0 - Hydraulic System:


A) Hydraulic Modulator B) Secondary Hydraulic Cylinder [Wheel Cylinder]

Hydraulic Modulator:
The hydraulic modulator converts the ECU commands and, independently of the driver, uses them to control the pressure in the wheel brakes via solenoid valves. It acts as the hydraulic link between the Brake master cylinder and the wheel-brake cylinders and is located in the engine compartment so that the hydraulic lines for the brake master Cylinder and to the wheel brake cylinders can be kept.

It consists of: 1- Return Pump

2- Accumulators 3- Solenoid Valve

2.0 - Secondary Hydraulic Cylinder [Wheel Cylinder]:


Its used to transfer the pressure of the hydraulic Fluid to a mechanical force [brake force to stop the Wheel from spinning. It can be modeled and bring A pressure guuage because if we knew the pressure Then we would calculate the normal and the Frictional force.

4.0 - Results and Discussion:


- From The results, it was found that the two algorithms are too close in results of braking power although they are base on different Idea.

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