FYP I PROPOSAL DEFENCE

DEVELOPMENT OF FIBER REINFORCED SELFCONSOLIDATING MICRO CONCRETE UTILIZING WLP

SV : Dr. Bashar Examiner : Dr. Zahiraniza

Presented by: Odu Paul Duku Erikole, (14115)

Project Background

Introduction Objectives Project Scope Problem Statement Significance of the project

Q&A Session

Outline

Literature Review

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) Limed Water Leach Purification Residue (WLP)

References Conclusion

Methodology

Gantt Chart Project Activities Key Milestones

Project Background - Introduction

low tensile strength Improved by fiber reinforcement (use of fiber reinforced concrete FRC) Aggregate is depleting Use of WLP as micro-aggregates

limited ductility

Conventional concrete

Cement, aggregates and water

Solution is by using self-compacting concrete (SCC)

low resistance to cracking

Requires vibrators for compaction

1.Produces noise 2. Inclusion of voidsreduces durability 3. Health & safety risks

Project Background Introduction

FRC a conventional concrete to which discontinuous discrete fibers are added during mixing (Kosmatka & panarese, 1994). Murthy et al (2012) defined self-compacting concrete (SCC) as an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction but able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full compaction, even in the presence of congested reinforcement Felekoglu (2007), defined micro concrete (MC) as a high performance cementbased material proportioned with micro-aggregates whose particle sizes range from about 0.5 mm to less than 1micron WLP - Limed Water Leach Purification residue from Lynas Corporation Australian based mining company having rare earth processing plant, called Lynas Advanced Materials Plant (LAMP) in Gebeng industrial estate in Kuantan, Malaysia

Project objectives
i. To develop fiber reinforced self-consolidating micro-concrete utilizing WLP as micro-aggregates

ii. To determine the physical, mechanical and durability properties of the newly developed fiber reinforced self-consolidating micro-concrete utilizing WLP

Project scope
Mixing
i. Mix design ii. Material ordering and equipment booking iii. Mixing without fiber (control mix), with steel fiber and with PVA fiber

Testing
i. Testing for requirement of SCC (fresh properties) ii. Testing for mechanical and durability properties

Analysis of test results

i. Comparison of the test results for the three mix sets

Problem statement
Problem identification Plain concrete possesses: i. Low tensile strength ii. Limited ductility iii. Little resistance to cracking drying shrinkage iv. Uses aggregates non-renewable material v. Require vibrators- produces noises, leads to bleeding & inclusion of voids - reducing concrete durability WLP i. is a waste, needs to be dump in landfills ii. Landfills destroy wildlife habitats, reduce agricultural productive land

Significance of the project

Using SCC (Murthy et al, 2012) a. increases productivity levels short construction time b. lower concrete construction costs less labor and equipment c. improves working environment reduces noise d. improves in-situ concreting in congested structural elements e. improved surface quality Use of FRC a. increases flexural strength, tensile strength, fatigue strength and improves toughness (Wafa,1990). b. Increase durability of the concrete

Significance of the project

Use of WLP

a. b. c. d.

reduce landfill usage conserves land environmentally friendly method WLP is a waste more economical even waste producers hate waste Particle size < 600 micron, improves the particle packing density of the cementitious system, enhances the rheological and mechanical properties and durability of resulting fiber reinforced self-compacting micro concrete.

Literature review
Self-Compacting Concrete SCC a. Concept first initiated in japan in the mid-1980s to offset a growing shortage of skilled labor (Choo, 2003) b. Characteristics of fresh SCC According to Koehler & Fowler, (2007) Filling ability - the ability of concrete to flow under its own mass and completely fill formwork. Passing ability - the ability of concrete to flow through confined conditions, such as the narrow openings between reinforcing bars. Segregation resistance - the ability of concrete to remain uniform in composition during placement and until setting

Hardened Properties of SCC

Murthy et al (2012), hardened SCC is dense, homogeneous and has the same engineering properties and durability as traditional vibrated concrete. Choo (2003), the compressive strength of SCC is usually higher than for conventional concrete due to the lower water/binder ratios associated with SCC

Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC)

Concrete to which discontinuous discrete fibers are added during mixing Properties of FRC affected by i. the fiber type, ii. fiber geometry, iii. fiber content, iv. fiber orientation and distribution (Shetty, 2001).

Properties of hardened FRC

Typical stress-strain curves for fiber-reinforced concrete

Failure mechanism and the effect of fibers Control crack widths Increase the toughness of concrete

WLP as micro aggregate. LIMED Solid Waste generation (Lee, 2012).

Waste type Tones per annum (1st year) tones per annum after 2nd year onwards Volume in 10 years (m3)

FGD- Flue gas Desulphurization Residue NUF- Neutralized Underflow Residue WLP- Water Leach Purification residue

27,900

55,800

162,600

85,300 32,000

170,600 64,000

91,600 478,800

Total

145,200

290,400

1392,700

WLP as micro aggregate

WLP is one of the 3 solid wastes produced by Lynas Coorperation WLP is disposed in landfills Landfills destroys wildlife habitats and takes away valuable agricultural land Using WLP in concrete conserves wildlife habitats and agricultural land WLP is very fine, rheological and mechanical properties and durability of concrete is expected to improve

Methodology
Start Preparation of constituent materials Mixing

Testing for fresh concrete properties

No

Fulfills requirements for SCC?

Yes

Testing for hardened concrete properties

Analysis of results of hardened concrete properties

Conclusion and Recommendations

End

Gant chat
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Activity / Week 1 Selection of Project Topic Preliminary Research Work Submission of Extended Proposal Defence Proposal Defence Project work continues Submission of Interim Draft Report Submission of Interim Report 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Project Activities

Submission Dateline

Mid Semester Break

Project activities

Sieving to particle size of < 600 micro

Trial mix proportions for self-consolidating micro concrete utilizing WLP

Mix ID w/b s/b SP/b (%) WLP <600m (kg/m3) PC (kg/m3) F. Ash (kg/m3) MIRHA (kg/m3) Sand 300m (kg/m3) Water (kg/m3) SF (kg/m3) PVA SP ratio ratio (kg/m3) (kg/m3)

M1 M2 M3 M4

0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27

0.36 0.36 0.36 0.36

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25

400 400 400 400

381 381 381 381

837 837 -

837

443 443 443

329 329 329 329

26 -

3.05 3.05 3.05

837

443

26

3.05

M5
M6

0.27
0.27

0.36
0.36

0.25
0.25

400
400

381
381

837
387

387
837

523
523

329
329

26
-

26

3.05
3.05

Test for fresh properties-acceptance criteria for SCC (Schutter, 2005).

Application Test Method Property Units Lab (Mix design) Field (QC) Typical range of values Min. Max.

Slump-flow by Abrams cone

T50cm slump flow J-ring

Filling ability
Filling ability Passing ability

mm
sec Mm

650
2 0

800
5 10

V-funnel
V-funnel at T5min L-box

Filling ability
Segregation resistance Passing ability

Sec
Sec (h2/h1)

6
0 0.8

12
+3 1.0

U-box
Fill-box GTM screen stability test Orimet

Passing ability
Passing ability Segregation resistance Filling ability

(h2-h1) mm
% % sec

0
90 0 0

30
100 15 5

Test for Hardened properties

Mechanical Properties Compressive Strength Development Tensile Leachate Strength test Test Durability Properties Permeability Porosity Chloride Ion test

Test at 7 and 28 days, 3 samples for each age

Test at 7 and 28 days, 3 samples for each age

3 samples per 3 samples per 3 samples per 3 samples per mix at 28 days mix at 28 days mix at 28 days mix at 28 days

Key milestone
Date 14/06/2013 21/06/2013 28/06/2013 05/07/2013 12/07/2013 19/07/2013 Activity Attend Laboratory safety briefing Check the availability of required materials and equipment Prepare trial mix design Sieving WLP to < 600 micron particle size Sieving WLP to < 600 micron particle size Trial mixing Testing properties of fresh mix 20/07/2013 Remove cube 26/07/2013 Testing compressive strength of trial mix at 7 days Testing tensile strength of trial mix at 7 days 15/08/2013 Testing mechanical properties of trial mix at 28 days Testing durability properties of trial mix at 28 days Mixing, testing fresh and hardened properties of fiber reinforced self-consolidating micro concrete, result analysis, discussion and conclusion to be continued in FYP 2

Conclusion
Problem statement several problems of conventional concrete depleting natural resources - aggregates reduction of productive land, destruction of wildlife habitats Project objective i. To develop fiber reinforced self-consolidating micro-concrete utilizing WLP as micro-aggregates ii. To determine the physical, mechanical and durability properties of the newly developed fiber reinforced self-consolidating micro-concrete utilizing WLP

Project scope
Mixing, testing, analysis of results, conclusion and recommendations

REFERENCES
1. 2. M. L. Gambhir (2004). Concrete technology. Third Ed. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company limited, New Delhi B.S. Choo, (2003). Advanced Concrete Technology Processes. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann, Elseviers Science and technology Rights de partment in Oxford, UK.

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4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Murthy et al (1012). Mix Design Procedure for Self Compacting Concrete. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN). Vol. 2, Iss. 9., PP 33-41
M. S. Shetty (2001). Concrete technology. Theory and Practice, fifth ed. Chand & Company Ltd, 3761, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110055 S. H. Kosmatka & W. C. Panarese (1994). Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures. Third Ed, Portland cement Association, 5420 Old Orchard Road, Skokie, Illinois 60077-1083 BA MA. B. Lee (2012). Rare Earth and Radioactive Waste. A Preliminary Waste Stream Assessment of the Lynas Advanced Materials Plant, Gebeng, Malaysia. National Toxics Network B. Felekoglu, (2007). Effects of PSD and surface morphology of micro-aggregates on admixture requirement and mechanical performance of micro-concrete. Elsevier, Cement & Concrete Composites Vol. 29, pp. 481489 E. P. Koehler & D. W. Fowler, (2007). Inspection Manual for Self-Consolidating Concrete in Precast Members. Center for Transportation Research, the University of Texas at Austin. G. D. Schutter, (2005). Guidelines for Testing Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete. European Research Project: Measurement of Properties of Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete. Acronym: TESTING-SCC EFNARC (2002). Specification and Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete. EFNARC, Association House, 99 West Street, Farnham, Surrey GU9 7EN, UK S. Utsi, (2008). Performance Based Concrete Mix-Design. Aggregates and Micro Mortar Optimization Applied on Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Fly Ash. F. F. Wafa, (1990). Properties and Applications of Fiber reinforced Concrete. JKAU: Eng. Sci., Vol. 2, pp. 49-63 R. Deeb, A. Ghanbari & B.L. Karihaloo, (2012). Development of self-compacting high and ultra-high performance concretes with and without steel fibres. Cement & Concrete Composites, Vol. 34, pp.185190 Zhou et al, (2012). Improved fiber distribution and mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites by adjusting the mixing sequence. Elsevier, Cement & Concrete Composites, Vol. 34, pp. 342348 H. Upadhyay, P. Shah & E. George, (2011). Testing and Mix Design Method of Self-Compacting Concrete. National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology. Dept. of Structure Engg., BVM Engg. College, Gujarat Technological University Gujarat, India.

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M. Skazlic, D. Bjegovi & M. Serdar, (2009). Utilization of high performance fiber-reinforced micro-concrete as a repair material. Taylor & Francis group, London
Dr. M. C. Nataraja. Fiber Reinforced Concrete-Behaviour Properties and Application. Sri Jayachamarajendra College of engineering, Mysore-570 006 fibre reinforced concrete, (2010). cement & concrete institute, midrand,

Thank You

Q&A session Recommendations