Pamela Aidee Mirn Zambrano Daniel Snchez Alatorre Edith Isabel Garca Llanes Emilio Gmez

Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. For example, canola oil and baking soda have pesticidal applications and are considered biopesticides.

Biopesticides are key components of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, and are receiving much practical attention as a means to reduce the load of synthetic chemical products being used to control plant diseases.

Types of Biopesticides: Bacterial: Biopesticides based on bacteria have been used to control plant diseases, nematodes, insects, and weeds. Bacteria are present in all soils and are the most abundant micro-organisms in soil samples. Many spore forming and non-spore forming bacteria are known to be effective against a wide spectrum of insects and diseases.

Fungi: Different fungal biopesticides can be used to control plant diseases (caused by other fungi, bacteria or nematodes), as well as some insect pests and weeds. Fungi are a diverse group of organisms and can be found in almost every environment on Earth.

Protozoa: Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that exist in both water and soil. While most protozoa feed on bacteria and decaying organic matter, a wide range of protozoan species are insect parasites.

Viruses: Microbial biopesticides known as baculoviruses are a family of naturallyoccurring viruses known to infect only insects and some related arthropods. Baculoviruses used as microbial biopesticides consist of DNA surrounded by a protein coat (nucleocapsid), which is itself embedded in a protein microcapsule or occlusion body (OB) that provides some protection from degradation in the environment.

Yeast: A variety of yeasts have been investigated for their usefulness in controlling plant diseases.

Biopesticides have the same effect on crops conservation as manufacturated pesticides.

Biopesticides benefits: Crop Quality and Yield: Biopesticides are often included as standard inputs in production programs as a means to significantly improve quality and yield of crops under challenging conditions.

Beneficials: Biopesticides deliver significant value to each link in the production chain, but that value begins with benefits derived by the grower. One key element of that value proposition is that biopesticides target specific pests without disrupting the beneficial components of an agro ecosystem.

Labor and Harvest Flexibility: Agricultural managers list labor availability and the coordinated timing of harvest as critical operational variables related to profitability. Many times these factors collide due to uncooperative seasonal weather. Biopesticides provide important management tools that provide increased control and flexibility at harvest.

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Compability: This optimizes the growers ability to 1) successfully manage pests with a variety of effective control mechanisms; 2) manage pesticide resistance through rotation of these effective chemistries; and 3) minimize the environmental impact of the production system.

Resistance Management: Biopesticides have long been used in combination with synthetic chemistries to provide the basis for excellent control programs that effectively manage resistance. Biopesticides typically have modes of action that are unique from synthetic pesticides and do not rely on a single target site for efficacy.

Environmental Safety: Biopesticides provide growers with valuable tools on both fronts by delivering solutions that are highly effective in managing pests, without creating negative impacts on the environment.

Residue Management: Most biopesticides are exempt from residue limits on fresh and processed foods around the world. Whether used alone or in combination with reduced rates of traditional chemistries, biopesticide use reduces consumer exposure to regulated chemical residues.

While biopesticides require less data and are registered in less time than conventional pesticides, EPA always conducts rigorous reviews to ensure that pesticides will not have adverse effects on human health or the environment.

Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest.

Biochemical pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that attract insect pests to traps. Because it is sometimes difficult to determine whether a substance meets the criteria for classification as a biochemical pesticide, EPA has established a special committee to make such decisions.

Biopesticides Solutions: Insect Control: Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest.

Disease Control: Biopesticides, key components of integrated pest management (IPM) programs, are receiving much practical attention as a means to reduce the load of synthetic chemical products being used to control plant diseases.

Weed Control: The use of biopesticides for weed control presents a difficult challenge due to the physiological similarities between crop plants and weed species. In recent years, however, scientists have identified several disease causing organisms that specifically and effectively attack key weed species including Canada thistle and northern jointvetch.

Nematode Control: With regulatory pressure to reduce or eliminate these fumigants, biopesticides have begun to emerge as alternative treatments to limit nematode damage. As fumigant nematicides continue to be phased out, biopesticides will play an ever-increasing role in control of these important pests.

Plant Physiology & Productivity: A diverse group of biochemical compounds known as plant growth regulators (PGRs) includes both natural and synthetic versions of natural substances that affect plant physiology. PGRs are also used to improve crop tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses such as temperature and drought, and for managing fruit maturity during and after harvest to maintain a high level of fruit quality.

For this experiment we prove two biopesticides and one chemical pesticide effects on controlling pests.

Material: Soap, tobacco from 2 cigarettes, strainer, funnel, meter, a liter of boiling water, a bowl to mix everything, spray.

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Put the tobacco in the bowl. Add the boiling water Wait until it cools. Spray the plant with it. Put the soap in another bowl Add the boiling water Wait until it cools. Spray the plant with it.

On the experiment we prove that both biopesticides are effective controlling pests, so itll be more practically to change to biopesticides which are eco-friendly than chemical pesticides that harm the environment. Both chemical and biopesticides killed the pest but the chemical one do it immediately and the biopesticide take a little while because as it is more friendly some pests still attack the plant.

We can see that our hypothesis was right and both types of pesticides have the same effect, although chemicals effect is immediately it affects the environment and the biopesticides effect is tardy it is more practically and more ecologist to use this type of pesticides.

http://www.biopesticideindustryalliance.org/microbialyeast.php http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/res earch/biopesticides http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopesticide http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides /whatarebiopesticides.htm