ORA000008 ATM Principle (BSS)

ISSUE 3.0

Wireless Curriculum Development Section

Objectives

At the end of this course, you will be familiar with:

ATM theory & concepts

ATM cell format

Protocol stack of ATM especially AAL2 and AAL5 processing Application of ATM in a CDMA2000 System

Course Outline

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of ATM

Chapter 3 ATM Protocol & Service Type

Chapter 4 Basic Concepts of IPOA Chapter 5 ATM in CDMA2000 BSS

Why do we need a new technology?

To provide a high-speed, low

delay type of

multiplexing and switching network to any

user traffic, such as voice support, data,or video

applications.

What is ATM?

ATM for Telecommunications is Asynchronous Transfer Mode, (not

Automatic Teller Machine!).

ATM is a technology that has transport, switching, network management, and customer services built into it right from the start.

In general, ATM means that traffic is carried in small, fixed-length

packets called cells.

A technology that integrates advantages of circuit switch and packet switch.

ATM can support any type of user services, such as voice, data, or video service.

ATM Overview
53byte fixed length cell= 5Bytes cell header+48Bytes payload.

5-Bytes Header

48-Bytes Payload

ATM must set up virtual connection before communication.

Contract

ATM network will confer with terminal on parameter of QoS before the connection is set up.

ATM can provides both CBR and VBR transport

Connectionless & Connection-oriented

Connection-oriented : All packets are transferred from the same route , so the receiving order of packets depends on the sending order. Time delay is fixed.

Connectionless: Every packet is transferred from different routes, so the receiving order of packets doesnt possibly depend on the sending order.

Traditional Switch Models Characteristic

Circuit Switching
Data is sent from the same route, so time delay is fixed High-speed switching Fixed rate

Packet Switching
Support multi-rate switching Take full advantage of bandwidth/waste of bandwidth Time delay is not fixed

ATM Switch Models Characteristic

Any users cell will not be send periodically, and bandwidth will be shared and statistically multiplexed. Many types of service can be transferred in the same time and Quality of Service is supported in an ATM network. Fixed length cell, so switch can be controlled by hardware and high-speed switching is easy to be realized.

ATMs Advantage

Integration of various services such as voice, image, video, data and multimedia.

Standardization of network structures and components. This results in cost savings for network providers.

Transmission that is independent of the medium used PDH, SDH, SONET and other media can be used to transport ATM cells.

ATM is scaleable, i.e. the bandwidth can be adapted extremely flexibly to meet user requirements.

Guaranteed transmission quality to match the service required by the user (quality of service, QoS).

ATMs Application

In Switching:

Traditional Exchange is evolving into Broadband Exchange by ATMs application

In Transmission:

ATM virtual path exchange node and ATM Add/Drop Multiplexer

In Internet:

ATM router applied in IP Switching, Multi-Protocol Label Switching

Course Outline

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of ATM

Chapter 3 ATM Protocol & Service Type

Chapter 4 Basic Concepts of IPOA Chapter 5 ATM in CDMA2000 BSS

ATM Network Model

UNI NNI NNI NNI

UNI PNNI PNNI ICI UNI NNI NNI

NNI

Other Network

NNINetwork Node Interface UNIUser Node Interface ICIInter-carrier Interface PNNIPrivate Network Node Interface

NNI

ATM Cell

ATM Cell

GFC ( Generic Flow Control): It is intended for control of a possible bus system at the user interface and is not used at the moment.

VPI ( Virtual Path Identifier): The VPI contains the second part of the addressing instructions and is of higher priority than the VCI.

VCI ( Virtual Channel Identifier): VCI in each case indicates a path section between switching centers or between the switching center and the subscriber.

PTI ( Payload Type Identifier): Indicates the type of data in the information
field.

CLP ( Cell Loss Priority): Determines whether a cell can be preferentially deleted or not in the case of a transmission bottleneck.

HEC ( Header Error Control): Provided in order to control and, to some extent, correct errors in the header data that may occur. The HEC is used to synchronize the receiver to the start of the cell.

VP and VC
Why two fields?

think VPI as a bundle of virtual

channels. (256 VPI on one link)

the individual virtual channels have unique VCIs. The VCI values may

be reused in each virtual path.

ATM Cell Switching

ATM Network Node
User B ATM Terminal
Cell and users VPI=2 VCI=37 data change each other UNI

Port 1 Port 2

ATM Switch
Port 1 2 VPI 2 1 VCI 37 51

VPI=1 VCI=51

NNI

ATM Network Node

Port 1
User A ATM Terminal
Cell and users UNI data change VPI=3 VCI=39 each other

ATM Switch
Port VPI 1 3 VCI 51 39

Port 2

1 2

ATM Connections

ATM Virtual Connection

Port 1 A UNI cell VPI =1 VCI =1 2
1 2 3

VPI 1 26

VCI 1 44
1

UNI cell VPI =20 VCI =30 3

2

NNI cell VPI =26 VCI =44

3
1 2

NNI cell VPI =6 VCI =44 NNI cell VPI =2 VCI =44
1 3 2

Port 2 3 Port 1 2 VPI 2 6

VPI 6 20

VCI 44 30

Port 1 2

VPI 26 2

VCI 44 44

ATM Virtual Connection

VCI 44 44

In order to exchange cells between A and B, several tables must be set up in network node where the cells passed. After these tables have been set up, all the cells will be transferred along this route. This route is called Virtual Connection.

Signaling In ATM

Permanent Virtual Channel (PVC):

The connections are analogous to leased lines that are switched between certain users. A change can only be made by the network provider. This type of ATM network often forms the initial stage in the introduction of this technology.

Switch Virtual Channel (SVC):

Users connected to this type of network can set up a connection to the user of their own choice by means of signaling procedures. This can be compared with the process of dialing a telephone number.

Types of ATM Virtual Connection According to the switching mode, ATM Virtual Connection can be classified :

VPC (Virtual Path Connection) VCC (Virtual Channel Connection)

According

to

connection

establishment,

ATM Virtual Connection can be classified:

SVC(Switching Virtual Connection)

PVC(Permanent Virtual Connection)

VPC and VCC

ATM terminal A

VCC VPC

UNI cell

ATM network node G E F

NNI cell NNI cell

UNI cell

UNI cell

VC switching

VP switching VCC

VC switching

UNI cell

For example: When E receives cells from A or B, which would be transferred to C or D, the VPI of these cells would be set to uniform value in E. These cells would be received by G and switched to F by VP switching. Then the cells will be delivered to C or D at F. It means that VPC has been set up between E and F, while VCC has been set up among A, B, C and D.

Course Outline

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of ATM

Chapter 3 ATM Protocol & Service Type

Chapter 4 Basic Concepts of IPOA Chapter 5 ATM in CDMA2000 BSS

Features of ATM
Voice
Data Video Cells

Connection oriented Fast packet switching Statistical multiplexer Supports voice, data and video service Provides QoS

ATM Protocol Structure Model

Call connection and Control User informationFlow Control and Error Recovery
Interface Management Layer Management Control interface Service and signaling of user User interface

USER

USER

Independent management of every layer

Information of user and cell conversion Cell exchange and multiplexing or demultiplexing

SAAL

AAL

ATM Layer

Frame structure physical medium

Impartible management of all layer

Physical Layer

Three Communications Planes

The user plane transports the user data for an application. It uses the physical, ATM and ATM adaptation layers to do this.

The control plane takes care of establishing, maintaining and

clearing down user connections in the user plane. The key word
here is signaling.

The management plane includes layer management and plane

management. Layer management monitors and coordinates the

individual layer tasks. Plane management handles monitoring and coordination tasks in the network.

ATM Sublayer Model

ATM Protocol Stack Model
User
CS SAR Interface manage ment

OSI Reference Model

7 Application
6 Presentation 5 Session

AAL

ATM

4 Transport 3
TC

Network
Data link Physical

PHY
PMD

2 1

Function of ATM Physical Layer

Two sublayers: AAL

Transmission Convergence Sublayer (TC)

transmission frame generation/recovery Processing HEC cell delimiting transmission frame adaptation

ATM
PHY

Physical Medium Dependent Sublayer (PMD)

Link coding Network physical medium

Function of ATM Layer

AAL

Cell switch Quality of Service

ATM
PHY

Processing the cell header

Types of payload Multiplexing /Demultiplexing of

different connection cell

Function of AAL layer

AAL

Support services for user

Segment and reassemble Complete the change between

ATM
PHY

User-PDU and ATM payload

Function of ATM AAL Overview

Function of ATM AAL:
Constant Bit Rate Data Variable Bursts Bit Rate

Provide a high-speed,

AAL SDU
ATM Payload ATM Cell

low delay multiplexing and switching network to support any type of user service, such as voice, data,or video applications.

Multiplexing

Types of AAL
Service type A B C D

Bit rate Real time Connection mode AAL

constant variable variable variable YES AAL1 YES AAL2 NO AAL3/4 NO

connectionless

Connection oriented

AAL5

In order to support different types of user services, there are five types of AAL. In Huaweis BSS, voice is transferred over AAL2 and rest signals are transferred over AAL5.

Logic Structure of AAL Layer

AAL-SAP AAL-PDU

SSCS

SSCS-PDU

CS sublayer Provide service to upper layer at AAL-SAP.

AAL layer

CPCS-SDU

The concrete function is depending on the service type. CS can be further divided into SSCS and CPCS. SAR sublayer: Chop CCS-PDU into ATM payload with size of 48 bytes or assemble ATM payload into CPCS-PDU.

CPCS
CPCS-PDU

SAR-SDU

SAR
SAR-PDU

ATM-SAP
ATM-SDU

ATM layer

AAL2 Structure
AAL-SAP AAL-PDU

AAL layer

SSCS

SSCS-PDU

AAL2 contains two sub-layer, CPS and SSCS.

The function of SAR is performed by CPS, SAR sub-layer is null

CPS-SDU

CPCS
CPS-PDU

ATM-SAP

For AAL2CPS is changeless no matter which type of service is. But it is different for SSCS. Sometimes SSCS maybe null.

ATM-SDU

ATM layer

AAL2 Process
AAL-SAP

SSCS
SSCS-PDU Header

AAL-SDU SSCS-PDU Tail SSCS-PDU Payload SSCS-PDU 45Bit Max CPS-SDU CPS-PH
1# 876543218765432187654321

CPS

CID CPS-PP
2# 3#

LI

UUI HEC

CPS-PH 87654321 OSF P

CPS-Packet
1#

CPS-Packet CPS-Packet
2# 3#

AAL Layer
SN

STF

STF

CPS-Packet CPS-Packet CPS-PDU

STF

CPS-Packet C

STF PS-Packet PAD

CPS-PDU Payload 47 Bit

ATM-SAP ATM-SDU ATM-Header ATM Payload

ATM Layer

AAL5 Structure
AAL-SAP AAL-PDU

SSCS

SSCS-PDU

AAL5 contains two sub-layers, CS and SAR sublayer.

AAL layer

CPCS-SDU

CPCS
CPCS-PDU

CS sublayer is further divided into SSCS and CPCS. In order to enhance the effect of AAL3/4, CPCS and SAR are appropriately simplified. AAL5 doesnt support multi-user multiplexing mode.

SAR-SDU

SAR
SAR-PDU

ATM-SAP
ATM-SDU

ATM layer

AAL5 Process
CPCS
AAL-SDU CPS-PDU Payload PAD

AAL-SAP 8 1 8 1 16

1 32 CRC PAD 047Bit s

UU CPI Length CPS-PDU Tail

SAR
SAR-PDU #1

CPS-PDU N48 Bytes

AAL Layer

SAR-SDU
SAR-PDU #2 SAR-PDU #3 SAR-PDU #4

ATM-SAP
ATM-SDU #1 Cell #1 ATM-SDU #2 Cell #2 3 2 1 AUU

PTI
:ATM Header (AUU=0) ATM-SDU #3 Cell #3 ATM-SDU #4 Cell #4
ATM Payload

ATM Layer

:ATM Header (AUU=1)

Service Types of ATM layer

CBR (Constant bit rate)

VBR-RT (Variable bit rate-real time)

VBR-NRT (VBR-non real time) UBR (Unspecified bit rate) ABR (Available bit rate)

ATM Service Categories

CBR Service
Traffic parameter QoS
Tolerance

low

high

PCR
Cell loss Cell delay and cell delay variation

Voice and video

VBR Service

Traffic parameter

QoS
Tolerance

PCR
LOW HIGH

SCR MBS
Cell lose (RT) Cell lose (NRT)

Voice and video

UBR Service

Traffic parameter

QoS
Tolerance

No QoS

low

high

Cell relay variation Cell lose

WAN

ABR Service
Traffic parameter QoS
Tolerance

PCR

low

high

MCR
Cell loss Cell delay variation

Overhead 5 Byte Header 48 Byte Payload

No cell overhead Uses congestion feedback instead

LAN

ATM Service Categories and their Parameters

ATM Service Categories and Applications

Communication Contract
Contract

Contract

ATM network
Communication
Service

Contract

Types Parameter of Flow Parameter of QoS

Service type in CDMA2000 BSS System

Variable

bit rate real time( VBR-RT),

such

as

voice

service in CDMA2000 BSS System. It is realized by AAL2.

Variable

bit rate non real time (VBR-NRT), such as

signaling and other service in CDMA2000 BSS System. It is realized by AAL5.

Course Outline

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of ATM

Chapter 3 ATM Protocol & Service Type

Chapter 4 Basic Concepts of IPOA Chapter 5 ATM in CDMA2000 BSS

IPOA Protocal Stack

User application

User application

TCP/UDP

TCP/UDP

IP
AAL
IP packet is transferred to ATM Payload IP address is mapped to PVC or SVC

IP
AAL

ATM

ATM

ATM network Physical layer

TCP/IP Process
TCP IP SNAP/LLC
CS
LLC TCP Header App Data

IP Header TCP header App Data

LLC

IP Header TCP Header App Data

IP Header TCP Header App Data

PAD CPCS-PDU Tail

AAL5
SAR SAR-SDU#1 SAR-SDU#2 SAR-SDU#3 SAR-PDU#4 SAR-PDU#5 Cell header will be added to SAR-PDU, whose VPI and VCI depends on the map table of IP address to PVC/SVC. Then ,the cells will be sent to Physical Layer. Perform the transmission of ATM cells via physical media.

ATM PHY

INARP in IPOANetwork ModelSVC mode

ATM Network

ARP Server

Router WAN

Ethernet

INARP in IPOANetwork Model PVC mode

ATM Network

Router WAN

Ethernet

INARP in IPOAPVC Mode

Any IPOA terminal that wants to communicate with other terminal must know the destination IP address. But how to know the IP address? PVC connecting the source and destination terminals should be set up first. For example: Terminal A must set up a PVC to B in order to know the IP address of B.
ATM Network

PVC

Terminal A IP:192 .168 .1 .1

Terminal B IP:192 .168 .1 .2

ARP in IPOAPVC Mode

Terminal A will send InvATMARP information to request remote IPOA client s (such as computer B) IP address. So does computer B.
ATM Network InvATMARP

PVC
InvATMARP

Computer A IP:192 .168 .1 .1 VPI 1 VCI 33 IP Address . . .

Computer B IP:192 .168 .1 .2 VPI 2 VCI 33 IP Address . . .

XX

YY

. . .

ZZ

YY

. . .

ARP in IPOAPVC Mode

Thereby, A and B establish the map table of IP address to PVC. Similarly, all the IPs of the computers that answered the InvATMARP will be set to the map table.
ATM Network ACK

PVC
ACK

Computer A IP:192 .168 .1 .1 VPI 1 VCI 33 IP Address 192 .168 .1.2

Computer B IP:192 .168 .1 .2 VPI 1 VCI 33 IP Address 192 .168 .1.1

XX

YY xxx .xxx .xxx .xxx

ZZ

YY xxx .xxx .xxx .xxx

ARP in IPOAPVC Mode

For example: A will transfer a IP packet to B, and the IP packet will be changed to AAL-PDUs first. When ATM layer receives AALPDU,it can find the PVC by map table and set VPI/VCI of ATM cell. Thereby, cells could be transferred to B by ATM network.
ATM Network
ATM cell stream

PVC

ATM cell stream

Computer A IP:192.168.1.1
VPI VCI IP Address

Computer B IP:192.168.1.2
VPI VCI IP Address

33

192 .168 .1.2

33

192 .168 .1.1

XX

YY xxx .xxx .xxx .xxx

ZZ

YY xxx .xxx .xxx .xxx

Course Outline

Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of ATM

Chapter 3 ATM Protocol & Service Type

Chapter 4 Basic Concepts of IPOA Chapter 5 ATM in CDMA2000 BSS

ATM in CDMA2000 BSS systemLarge Capacity Configuration

BTS baseband frame service/ signal-in-band AAL2 maintenance / signal-out-band AAL5

Abis interface: signal-in-band/serviceAAL2 signal-out-band /maintenanceAAL5 IPOA If Abis interface is connected with several E1 cables, IMA mode will be adopted to transfer ATM cells.
Integrated Processing Subrack (CIPS) Optical fiber or several E1 cables Optic fiber Connected to MSC

BTS

Resource Optic Management & Packet Processing fiber Subrack (CRPS)

BSC inside VoiceAAL2 signal/data service:AAL5 maintenanceAAL5 IPOA

Switch Subrack
Optic fiber

GPS/Glonass receiver

Ethernet cable Integrated Management Subrack (BAM)

Data Service Processing Subrack (CPMS)

cBSC

Connected to PDSN

ATM in CDMA2000 BSS SystemSmall Capacity Configuration

BTS baseband frame service/ signal-in-band AAL2 maintenance / signal-out-band AAL5

Abis interface: signal-in-band/serviceAAL2 signal-out-band /maintenanceAAL5 IPOA If Abis interface is connected with several E1 cables, IMA mode will be adopted to transfer ATM cells.
Integrated Processing Subrack several E1 cables Ethernet cable

BTS

cBSC

Connected to MSC

several E1 cables or Optic fiber

GPS/Glonass Receiver

BSC inside VoiceAAL2 signal/data service:AAL5 maintenanceAAL5 IPOA

Integrated Management Subrack (BAM)

Resource & Packet Subrack

Connected to PDSN

LAN

IMA Mode
If Abis interface is connected with several E1 cables, IMA mode will be adopted to transfer ATM cells. In this way, cells of high speed ATM link could be transferred on several low speed physical links.

IMA Group

PHY

Physical Link #0

PHY

IMA Group

ATM Layer

PHY

Physical Link #1

PHY

ATM Layer

PHY

Physical Link #2

PHY

Virtual ATM Link

Summary
ATM

Basics

ATM switching is cell switching,it has advantage of circuit switch and packet switch, connection oriented . ATM cell:53byte fixed length cell= 5Bytes cell header+48Bytes payload switching ATM switching has two types:VP and VC switch. As a rule: only VPI has been changed in VP switch,Both VCI and VPI have been changed in VC switch. VPI and VCI is only of effect between the two ATM physical nodes.

ATM

Questions

State

ATM application in CDMA2000 BSS system? is the difference between SVC and PVC? is the difference between VP switch and VC switch?

What What