Phosphorus

Nora AlNaqbi
Huda Ibrahim
Alia
 Phosphate
The most abundant intracellular anion and is:

– Necessary to produce ATP.

– Essential component of DNA and RNA.
– Necessary in red blood cells for production of
2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), which
facilitates release of oxygen from hemoglobin.
What if the phosphate level is
affected ?

♦ Hyperphosphatemia
♦ hypophosphatemia
 Hyperphosphatemia

♦ It is an abnormally elevated level of

phosphate in the blood.

♦ The normal range for phosphorous

is 2.5-4.5 mg/dL.
Causes of hyperphosphatemia

♦ Excessive growth hormone (acromegaly)

♦ Hypoparathyroidism assoc with low Ca
♦ Pseudohypoparathyroidism assoc with
low Ca
♦ Acute renal failure
Things you can do about
hyperphosphatemia:

♦ Try to exercise.
♦ Remind your doctor if you have a history
of diabetes, liver, kidney, or heart disease.
♦ Drink two to three quarts of fluid every 24
hours.
Treatments for Hyperphosphatemia
♦ low phosphorus diet.

♦ attending dialysis regularly(Chronic

Kidney Disease) .
♦ Few medications .
♦ Chewing gum.
 VEDIO

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 What is hypophosphatemia
low levels of inorganic phosphate in the blood.

♦ found in your teeth and bones.

♦ You need vitamin D in order to absorb phosphate.
♦ The kidneys excrete (get rid of) phosphate from our
bodies.
♦ The normal range for phosphorous is 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Hypophosphatemia is seen in people
who have:
♦ lacking in Vitamin-D
♦ Certain medications prevent
phosphate from being absorbed.
♦ Certain breathing problems
♦ Kidney dysfunction or damage
♦ Alcoholism
♦ Rickets
There are no symptoms unless the
phosphorous level very low (0.1-0.2 mg/ dL).

Then you may notice:

Trouble breathing
Respiratory problems
Confusion
Coma.
 Treatment

It depends on the symptoms and

severity of the condition.
 Case study
Paget’s disease affects 1% of the US population over
the age of 40 years and is a chronic disorder of adult
skeleton characterized by increased resorption and
deposition of bone resulting in replacement of the
normal matrix with softened and enlarged bone.
Most adults with Paget’s disease are asymptomatic
and diagnosis is found on x-ray of the bones. Bone
pain, fracture, and nerve impingement can occur due
to enlarging and poorly constructed bone matrix. ■
Potent and generally safe suppressive agents have
been developed and have resulted in a more
aggressive approach to therapy.
laboratory tests:
Electrolytes.
Glucose.
Waste products.
Enzymes. (Alkaline Phosphatase ).
Proteins.
Minerals.
Thyroid.
Hormones.
Urinalysis
Thank’s