MENULIS ARTIKEL UNTUK JURNAL INTERNASIONAL

Wani Hadi Utomo disampaikan pada prajabatan dosen dosen UB 17 July 2012

Mengapa dosen perlu menulis (Phylosophy)

Bagi dosen: 1. kenaikkan pangkat dan/atau memenuhi tugas 2. mendapt/menjadi Peer review 3. meningkatkan kemampuan akademis 4. memperkenalkan kemampuan diri dan meningkatkan daya saing 5. Mempermudah mendapatkan dana penelitian 6. Kalau di LN: Publish or perish (survive)

1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6.

Bagi Universitas: untuk menjadi universitas berkualitas/dikenal dunia Tuntutan globalisasi Persaingan lulusan untuk kerja Persaingan mendapatkan bantuan dana Persaingan memperoleh mahasiswa, baik secara regional, nasional dan internasional ( pd th 2003 3,1 jt mhsw Int, th 2010 diperkiranak 5,8 jt, 2/3 berasal dari asia). Dana pemerintah utk pendidikan terbatas Banyak negara yg mentargetkan mhsw internasional sebagai sumber dana potential

Menulis pd Jurnal internasional mudah :

Kunci utama: 1. Kemauan 2. Kerja keras,kerja keras dan kerja keras 3. tidak mudah menyerah 4. Mengetahui ke jurnal mana artikel ditujukan ( jurnal kelas 1, kelas 2 dan kelas 3 ) 5.Memahami dan mengikuti persyaratan jurnal yang dituju

 Perbedaan menulis artikel untuk Jurnal ilmiah dan laporan : tulisan harus ringkas, padat, tetapi tetap harus lengkap dan jelas. Artinya pembaca mengerti apa yang ditulis tanpa harus bertanya kepada penulisnya, dan jika pembaca ingin menguji/melakukan penelitian yang sama, dengan membaca artikel tersebut pembaca telah dapat melakukannya.

 1. 2. 3.

Agar tulisan diterima disuatu Jurnal : Mengetahui ke Journal mana artikel dikirimkan Sesuai dengan mandat Jurnal ybs. Memahami dan mengikuti prasyarat penulisan. - format - teknik penyajian (hurup, spasi, tabel, satuan, dan gambar, kepustakaan ) 3. Keterbaruan (termasuk pustaka); sajikan pustaka yang dapat ditelusuri 4. Kritis dan analitis (dalam hasil dan pembahasan) 5. Kesinambungan antara judul-pendahuluan hasil-kesimpulan.

What is Science
What is Science?
Darcy Kelly, Columbia Uni NY

Your data should be true, even if your story is wrong

Scientific Process
The scientific process

Natalie Angier

In science an idea that has yet to be put to the test or defeated by evidence is called a hypothesis You notice something about the world, and you propose a possible mechanism to explain the observation To test the hypothesis, you design and conduct an experiment. You analyse your results and interrogate them with statistics

Scientific Process (cont.....)

The scientific process

Natali Angier

Now you have a result If your result supports the initial hypothesis, then well done! If not, then come up with a new and improved hypothesis to explain retroactively what you found This is the purpose of the discussion section of a scientific paper

 Artikel pada jurnal (Internasional): 1. Original (research) article: 3000 -5000 words (3500 -4500 words) 2. Original (short communication) artcle: less than 3000 words 3. Review article 4. Comment to other article

 Research article Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Method 3. Results and Discussion 4. Conclusion 5. Acknowledgment References

Penulisan Artikel
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Judul : menarik, berbeda dengan judul yang sudah banyak kalau perlu agak bombastis. Abstract: Merupakan bagian penting yg menentukan nilai jual artikel. Hrs menggambarkan pentingnya artikel dan hasil yg penting. Jangan memasukkan pendahuluan dan metoda Kata kunci: membantu/memperluas pengutipan, kdg-2 disarankan 3-4 kata di luar judul Pendahuluan : Padat, lengkap , telah merangkum latar belakang,kepustakaan, dan tujuan penelitian Metodologi : Padat tapi lengkap. Jika pembaca ingin melakukan percobaan/pengukuran yang sama dapat melakukan tanpa harus tanya pada penulis. Metode analisis yang telah baku cukup ditulis metodenya saja, yang belum baku ditulis agak rinci. Hasil dan Pembahasan : Padat, kritis-analitis. Bukan hanya menyajikan hasil tetapi juga membahas dan membandingkan dengan hasil peneliti/artikellain. Jelas apa yang ingin ditonjolkan dalam tulisan tersebut. Kesimpulan/penutup. Padat, gayut dengan judul-pendahuluan, dan berasal dari hasil yang telah dibahas sebelumnya (bab 4). References: ikuti petunjuk/pedoman jurnal, keterbaruan, mudah ditelusuri

6.

7.
6.

Abstract: Concise, explain the objective of the research, short methodology, the important result: usually 150 400 words (according to the Journal)

Key words (aim): to broaden citation, 5 7 words, not in the Topic

Introduction 1. Problem statement: the important of the problem (support by data) 2. Theoritical consideration (support by literature) 3. Previous research (support by literature) 4. Novelty/originality/the objective of the research (latest literature in point 2 and 3)

 Materials and Methods 1. Valid and Reliable 2. Clear but not too detailed: explained only the principle; if the method is already used as the standard method enough to be shown the reference 3. Statistical analysis: Clear what the analytical to be used

 Results and Discussion 1. Present in Table or Figure ? 2. In Figure, what the figures? histogram or line? Do not duplicate Table and Figure 3. Explain the data in Table or Figure; clear enough but not too laborious 4. Discuss the results (based on the theoretical) and compare with the other/previous works.

Discussion
What is Science?

Daniel Nocera, MIT

In the discussion section, where you talk about the implications of the work, you can sound smart or stupid, and tell an interesting story You may sometimes be stupid and you may sometimes be smart, but you must always be good

When I read the results section of your paper, everything in there has got to be right

Conclussion
Conclusions
This is where you bring your key points together and is often the second part of the paper scanned (after the abstract) You want to leave the reader with a take home message Start with bullet points, then link these together

Do not bring new material (references) into the conclusion

Memilih Jurnal
Where should you publish ?

Choice of journal is very important

Impact factor is no longer the key variable

Number of citations is more important An article in the Australian Journal of Soil Science may become more cited than a paper in Plant and Soil

Memilih Jurnal (cont .....)

Targeting journals
Publishing can be random: journal is selected after manuscript Or can be strategic: write manuscript for a specific journal Consider alternative media Industry or institution focused publications, e.g. Food and Agriculture Organisation periodical

Memilih Journal agar dimuat (cont..)

1. Sesuai dengan isi/mandat artikel yang kita buat 2. Memahami kemampuan/isi artikel kita (journal yg call for article baik utk pemula, jurnal yg dikelola Perg Tinggi relatif mudah) 3. Gunakan (ada) referensi dari artikel yg ada jurnal yang akan kita tuju

Jurnal yang kurang bertanggung jawab

Sekarang banyak jurnal yg kurang bertanggung jawab Kita ambil segi positifnya Tanggung jawab aakhirnya ada pada penulis

 Mengapa perlu menulis yang baik 1. Penerbitan artikel di suatu Jurnal tdk berarti bhw penulisnya tlh berkualitas (banyak artikel sampah) 2. Untuk dosen UB: penentuan insentif, Utk mhsw Pasca Sarjana: penentuan dpt tidaknya digunakan sebagai syarat/pengganti ujian 3. Kualitas artikel ditentukan oleh banyaknya pengguna artikel tersebut (Citation) 4. Banyak reviewer yang kurang kompeten 5. Banyak reviewer menggunakan standard ganda 6. Untuk kenaikan pangkat perlu artikel yang baik (dampaknya bkn hanya pada ybs, tp pd Jurnal ybs) 7. Bagi UB, yang lebih penting adalah citation. Sitasi bkn berdasarkan kualitas jurnal tetapi kualitas artikel

Sukoharsono, EG Cendekia Urutan 1 - 10 dari sekitar 16 hasil telusur. (0,10 dtk). [PERNYATAAN] The Genesis of Accounting in Indonesia: The Dutch Colonialism in the Early 17th Century EG Sukoharsono - The Indonesian Journal of Accounting and , 1993 Dinyatakan dengan 8 - Artikel terkait [PDF] Accounting in A Historical Transition: A Shifting Dominant belief from Hindu to Islamic Administration in Indonesia [PDF] dari adelaide.edu.auEG Sukoharsono - 2nd Asia-Pacific Interdisciplinary , 1998 commerce.adelaide.edu.au Acknowledgements: I am grateful to Professor MJR Gaffikin for his helpful advice in completing this paper. I also would like to thank the Malangkucecwara College of Economics for the necessary to conduct the research. ... *) This paper is prepared for theAsia-Pacific Interdisciplinary ... Dinyatakan dengan 5 - Artikel terkait - Versi HTML - 4 versi [PERNYATAAN] The Boom of Colonial Investment: Dutch Political Power in the History of Capital in Indonesia EG Sukoharsono - 5th Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Accounting , 1997 Dinyatakan dengan 2 - Artikel terkait - 2 versi [PERNYATAAN] Accounting in the Coming of Islam: Early Ritual and Administrative Affairs in Indonesia EG Sukoharsono - New York Conference on Interdisciplinary Accounting Dinyatakan dengan 1 - Artikel terkait [PDF] Power and Knowledge in Accounting: Some Analysis and Thoughts on Social, Political, and Economic Forces in Accounting and Profession in Indonesia (1800- [PDF] dari uow.edu.auEG Sukoharsono - Faculty of Commerce-Accounting & , 1993 ro.uow.edu.au ... Recommended Citation Sukoharsono, EG and Gaffikin, MJ, Power and Knowledge in Accounting: Some Analysis and Thoughts on Social, Political, and Economic Forces in Accounting and Profession in Indonesia (1800-1950s), School of Accounting & Finance, University of ... Dinyatakan dengan 1 - Artikel terkait - 10 versi

Sekitar 78 hasil (0,06 dtk) Kiat: Telusuri laman berbahasa Bahasa Indonesia saja. Anda dapat menentukan bahasa penelusuran di Setelan Cendekia.

[PDF] Green tea polyphenols inhibit oxidized LDL-induced NF-KB activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells [PDF] dari inaactamedica.org , D Sargowo - Acta Medica Indonesiana, 2007 - inaactamedica.org INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis is regarded as a dynamic and progressive disease arising from the combination of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. This is a progressive disease and the underlying cause clinical conditions include coronary heart disease (CHD) and Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 11 kali - Artikel terkait - Versi HTML - 4 versi [PERNYATAAN] P-217 Role of Adhesin of Outer Membrane Protein Chlamydia pneumoniae in Collagen Type-IV Degradation S Murwani, D Sargowo, H Kalim, M Ali - CVD Prevention and , 2009 - Elsevier The Relationship Between Food Intake and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome [PDF] dari digitaljournals.org D Sargowo - Jurnal Kardiologi Indonesia, 2011 - indonesia.digitaljournals.org Abstract Obesity as the component of metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders are a growing epidemic across the world. Several genetic, behavioral, and physiological factors play a role in etiology of obesity. Behavior factor such as high-carbohydrate and high-fat ... Artikel terkait The Effect Of Red Rosella Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) on the Inhibition of NF-B Activation, TNF- and ICAM-1-Protein Expressions Following Treatment with Ox- [PDF] dari digitaljournals.org D Sarbini, D Sargowo - Jurnal Kardiologi , 2011 - indonesia.digitaljournals.org Background. Atherosclerosis disease has been a global threat. Ox-LDL was one of major source of atherogenesis process, through the ROS formation which would then activate NF-KB and increase the expression of TNF- and ICAM-1, leading to the occurrence of .

WARDANA Google Scholar Results 1 - 9 of 9 for wardana ing author:i-wardana. (0.09 seconds)
Velocity-temperature correlation in strongly heated channel flow ING Wardana, T Ueda, M Mizomoto - Experiments in Fluids, 1995 - Springer Abstract Velocity-temperature correlations in a strongly heated channel flow were investigated experimentally by a LDV and a resistance thermometer. The wall heat flux is varied up to 50,000 W/m 2 with reference mean-velocity of 15 ... Cited by 19 - Related articles - Web Search - BL Direct - All 4 versions Structure of turbulent two-dimensional channel flow with strongly heated wall ING Wardana, T Ueda, M Mizomoto - Experiments in Fluids, 1992 - Springer Abstract. A laser Doppler velocimeter and a resistance thermometer were used to study velocity and temperature statistics in a strongly heated turbulent two-dimensional channel flow, with the wall tem- perature up to 700 and a ... Cited by 16 - Related articles - Web Search - All 3 versions Effect of strong wall heating on turbulence statistics of a channel flow ING Wardana, T Ueda, M Mizomoto - Experiments in Fluids, 1994 - Springer Abstract Turbulence statistics of a channel flow with strong wall heating at Reynolds number of 14, ooo were investigated experimentally. The statistical quantities up to triple correlations were estimated, using data measured by ... Cited by 13 - Related articles - Web Search - BL Direct - All 4 versions Structure of grid turbulence through a heated screen T UEDA, O HISAI, ING WARDANA, M MIZOMOTO - JSME international journal. Series 2, Fluids engineering, , 1992 - cat.inist.fr Structure of grid turbulence through a heated screen. T UEDA, O HISAI, ING WARDANA, M MIZOMOTO JSME international journal. Series 2, Fluids engineering, heat transfer, power, combustion, thermophysical ... Cited by 5 - Related articles - Web Search - All 2 versions

Sekitar 627 hasil (0,05 dtk) Kiat: Telusuri laman berbahasa Bahasa Indonesia saja. Anda dapat menentukan bahasa penelusuran di Setelan Cendekia. Nitrogen release from prunings of legume hedgerow trees in relation to quality of the prunings and incubation method E Handayanto, G Cadisch - Plant and Soil, 1994 - Springer Abstract Three methods: litterbags, incubation of materials in pots and incubation in leachingtubes, were compared to determine the effects of N, lignin and polyphenols of legume tree prunings on their decomposition and N release rates in a Red-yellow Podzolic soil (Ultisol ... Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 152 kali - Artikel terkait - 4 versi Regulating N release from legume tree prunings by mixing residues of different quality E Handayanto, KE Giller - Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1997 Elsevier In an attempt to regulate the rate of N mineralization from legume tree prunings by manipulating the quality of the prunings, a low-quality legume tree pruning (Peltophorum dasyrrachis) was mixed at various proportions with a high quality legume tree pruning ( Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 103 kali - Artikel terkait - 7 versi Manipulation of quality and mineralization of tropical legume tree prunings by varying nitrogen supply E Handayanto, G Cadisch - Plant and Soil, 1995 - SpringerThe effect of N supply on the quality of Calliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia sepium prunings was studied in a glasshouse over a 7-month growing period. Increasing the concentration of N supplied from 0.625 to 10.0 mM NO3-N resulted in increased N concentration but ... Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 78 kali - Artikel terkait - 4 versi Regulating N mineralization from plant residues by manipulation of quality.E Handayanto, G Cadisch, KE Giller - Driven by nature: plant litter , 1997 - cabdirect.org Abstract Possible management interventions for altering nitrogen release patterns by manipulating the quality of plant residues in order to achieve a better synchrony of N supply and crop demand were examined. These approaches were based on modifying residue ...

Sekitar 1.470 hasil (0,04 dtk) Kiat: Telusuri laman berbahasa Bahasa Indonesia saja. Anda dapat menentukan bahasa penelusuran di Setelan Cendekia. Soil friability WH Utomo - Journal of Soil Science, 1981 - Wiley Online Library Summary Soil friability is defined and a method for its measurement is developed from the theory of brittle fracture of soil aggregates. The variation in friability with soil water content is in good agreement with the results of tillage experiments done by earlier workers. It is ... Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 139 kali - Artikel terkait - 3 versi A comparison of penetrometer pressures and the pressures exerted by roots GM Whiteley, WH Utomo - Plant and Soil, 1981 - Springer Summary Previous work is reviewed in which the ratio of the pressures required for soil penetration by roots and penetrometers are compared. It appears that this ratio can vary from about 2 to 8 depending on conditions. However, there is very little experimental ... Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 77 kali - Artikel terkait - 2 versi Changes in soil aggregate water stability induced by wetting and drying cycles in nonsaturated soil WH Utomo - Journal of Soil Science, 1982 - Wiley Online Library Summary Wetting and drying of remoulded soil resulted in water stable aggregation. The greatest proportions of water stable aggregates arose from wetting and drying in the 1 to 100 kPa range of matric water potential. The effect occurred with sterile and non-sterile ... Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 77 kali - Artikel terkait

[PDF] Rice husk biochar for rice based cropping system in acid soil 1. The characteristics of rice husk biochar and its influence on the properties of acid sulfate soils [PDF] dari ccsenet.org , WH Utomo - Journal of Agricultural Science, 2010 - ccsenet.org ... Agusalim Masulili Pancabhakti University Jl. Kom Yos Sudarso, Pontianak, West Kalimanatan, Indonesia Wani Hadi Utomo (Corresponding author) Center for Soils and Land Resources Management, Brawijaya University Jl. ... Dijadikan bahan rujukan sebanyak 10 kali - Artikel terkait - Versi HTML - 7 versi

Title: SOIL FRIABILITY Author(s): UTOMO,

WH Source: JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE Volume: 32 Issue: 2 Pages: 203-213 Published: 1981 The above article has been cited by the articles listed below. Note: The Times Cited count is calculated across all Web of Science editions. More information. Results: 100 Page of 10 Sort by: Refine Results Search within results for Subject Areas: SOIL SCIENCE (82)AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (6)AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (6)GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY (5)AGRONOMY (4) more options / values... Document Types: ARTICLE (89)PROCEEDINGS PAPER (6)REVIEW (3)NOTE (2) For advanced refine options, use more options Analyze Results 1. Title: Impact of Soil Water Content and Core Sampler Diameter at Sampling for Dry Soil Fragment-Size Distributions Author(s): Diaz-Zorita M, Grove JH, Perfect ESource: COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS Volume: 39 Issue: 17-18 Pages: 2752-2767 Published: 2008 Times Cited: 0 2. Title: Morphology, lacunarity and entropy of intra-aggregate pores: Aggregate size and soil management effects Author(s): Chun HC, Gimenez D, Yoon SWSource: GEODERMA Volume: 146 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 8393 Published: JUL 31 2008 Times Cited: 0 3. Title: Quantification of tensile strength and friability of an Oxisol (Acrudox) under no-tillage Author(s): Tormena CA, Araujo MA, Fidalski J, et al.Source: REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO Volume: 32 Issue: 3 Pages: 943-952 Published: MAY-JUN 2008 Times Cited: 0 4. Title: A simultaneous model for ultrasonic aggregate stability assessment Author(s): Fristensky A, Grismer MESource: CATENA Volume: 74 Issue: 2 Pages: 153-164 Published: JUL 15 2008 Times Cited: 0 5. Title: Tensile strength and friability of an oxisol under different land use systems Author(s): Tormena CA, Fidalski J, Rossi WSource: REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIA DO SOLO Volume: 32 Issue: 1 Pages: 33-42 Published: JAN-FEB 2008

Kelemahan artikel (pengalaman sebagai pengelola jurnal, editor, reviewer, dan pendamping)
Abstrack: bukan ringkasan, memuat tujuan penelitian, rancangan perc, hasil yg penting Kelemahan a. Rancu dengan ringkasan b. Terlalu singkat/terlalu rinci c. Kurang penekanan pada hasil penelitian d. Terlalu banyak angka/tidak ada angka

 EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON YIELD OF TOMATO CROP

ABSTRACT Demand for tomatoes increased from year to year, but the production of tomato national average is still low. Thus, environmental management required to grow tomato plants appropriately, for example by keeping the water availability to plants. Response of tomato plants to the presence of water stress depends on the growth phase and magnitude of water stress levels that occur. To overcome these problems it is necessary to attempt to obtain the level of water that can still maintain the optimum fruit tomato plant remains in the event of water stress. Research was conducted in green house at Yitnan-Pasuruan during May to October 2009, using Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatment consisting of C0 (100% kc vegetative - 100% kc generative), C1 (100% kc vegetative - 70% kc generative), C2 (70% kc vegetative - 100% kc generative), C3 (70% kc vegetative 70% kc generative), C4 (100% kc vegetative - 40% kc generative), C5 (40% kc vegetative - 100% kc generative), and C6 (40% kc vegetative - 40% kc generative). The experimental results showed that supply of water 70% kc vegetative - 100% kc generative on tomato plants begin to reduce the number of fruit yield, the number of healthy fruits and the number of marketable fruits. Supply of water 40% kc vegetative - 40% kc generative can reduced of plant height, leaf number and total fruit yield. The total fruit yield decreased 48 % compared with plant experiencing water stress. Treatment o waterf 100% kc vegetative - 100% kc generative, 100% kc vegetative 70% kc generative dan 40% kc vegetative - 100% kc generative had the weight of fresh fruit per plant and per hectare and of marketable fruits was tend to higher than other treatments. Key words: Tomatoes, water stress

Bandingkan dengan:

EFFECT OF WATER MANAGEMENT ON YIELD OF TOMATO PLANT ABSTRACT A green house experiment was conducted to study the effect of water management on the growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant. The treatments included the amount of irrigated water and the growth phase at which the watering was done. The ammount water addition was calculated based on the percentage of crop factor (kc) to evapotranspiration, and the combination treatments were: (1) the amount of water addition the same with the evapotranspiration throughout the growth of tomato crop, 100% kc; (2) 100% kc at vegetative growth and 70% kc at generative growth; (3) 70% kc at vegetative and 100% kc at generative growth; (4) 70% kc at vegetative and 70% kc at generative growth: (5)) 100% kc at vegetative and 40% kc at generative growth; (6) 40% kc at vegetative growth and 100% kc at generative growth; and (7) 40% kc at vegetative and 40% kc at generative growth. The experimental results showed that addition of water at the combination level of 70% kc at vegetative and 100% kc t generative growth reduced the number of fruit yield, the number of healthy fruits and the number of marketable fruits. The addition of water at a combination level of 40% kc at vegetative growth and 40% kc at generative growth decreased plant height, leaf number and total fruit yield. The addition of water at a combination level of eiither 100% kc at vegetative growth and 70% kc generative growth or 40% kc at vegetative growth and at 100% kc generative growth was enough to produce a high yield (1307 g/plant and 1320 g/plant) which were not significantly different with that of the plants had no suffer from water shortage (100 % kc).. Key words: Water stress, irrigation, crop factor, evapotranspiration

Kelemahan artikel (lanjutan)

Pendahuluan: Berisi pentingnya topik yang diteliti, pembuktian bahwa masalah yg diteliti memang masih menjadi masalah, teori yang berhubungan dengan masalah, hasil penelitian/pengalaman terdahulu, keterbaruan apa yg diteliti, tujuan penelitian Kelemahan a. Perumusan masalah kurang tajam (tidak disertai pendukung/literatur), kepentingan masalah kurang jelas (tidak disertai pendukung/literatur) b. Teori untuk menjelaskan penyebab/penyelesaian masalah tidak ada/kurang relevant/kurang tajam/tidak ada pendukung c. Pengalaman/penelitian terdahulu tidak ada/kurang relevant/keterbaruan/tidak ada pendukung d. Keterbaruan atau sumbangan artikel/penelitian tidak nampak

 EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON YIELD OF TOMATO CROP (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Demand for tomatoes increased from year to year in line with the increase of population, education, nutrition awareness and increasing people's income (2). Production of tomatoes national average is still low due to the widespread use has not improved varieties and application of appropriate cultivation techniques. Thus, environmental management required to grow tomato plants appropriately, for example by keeping the water availability to plants. Lack of water can affect plant growth and development of tomato. Response of tomato plants to the presence of water stress depends on the growth phase and magnitude of water stress levels that occur. Adverse effect of water stress is very visible in tissues and organs that are in rapid growth phase. This suggests that there are certain periods of growth are very sensitive to water stress (12). In tomato plants, a phase which is very sensitive to water stress is the phase of flower formation and fruit enlargement phase (9). In the cultivation of plants in the field, water loss from the soil in addition to going through the process of transpiration through the soil surface also called evaporation. Transpiration and evaporation processes occur simultaneously and are difficult to be separated from one another. Therefore, the loss of water through both of these processes is called evapotranspiration (ET) which means the amount of water needed by plants. What is meant by the needs of evapotranspiration is evapotranspiration on groundwater conditions do not become the limiting factor. So the evapotranspiration rate is determined by climatic conditions and is called potential evapotranspiration (ETo). By adding the evapotranspiration over a period of plant growth in soil water conditions can meet the evapotranspiration demand you will get the water needs of crops (crop water requirement) which is nothing but the maximum evapotranspiration (ETM) (5). For the purposes of calculating crop water requirements (ETM) must be known ratio of the maximum evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration (ETo). Evapotransprasi maximum ratio of potential evapotranspiration (ETM / ETo) in crop water requirements of plants are also referred to as the factor which is abbreviated by kc, where ETM = ETo * kc (Islamic and Utomo, 1995). Kc value is influenced by the characteristics of the plant, at planting time, crop growth stage and climatic conditions in general. The amount of variation among plant groups occurred because of resistance to transpiration of plants, such as the stomata are closed during daylight hours (pineapple plant) and leaves that are waxy (citrus). Similarly, differences in plant height, canopy roughness, reflection and groundcover produces a variety of ETM (11). Tomato crop water requirements for a single growing season ranges from 750-1250 mm (7). To overcome these problems it is necessary to attempt to obtain the level of water that can still maintain the optimum fruit tomato plant remains in the event of water stress

Bandingkan dengan:

EFFECT OF WATER MANAGEMENT ON YIELD OF TOMATO PLANT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the important horticultural plants which can be consumed as either vegetable or fruit crops. In line with increasing population and income, the demand for tomato in Indonesia increase from year to year. However, tomato production is still low with average yield of 15.27 t/ha (1). This is far below the potential yield of tomato crop which can reach 60 t/ha (2). In Indonesia, mostly tomato is planted in upland area; on the other side, tomato is known as the crop that sensitive to water stress (3). Therefore, it is suggested that one of the reason for the low yield of tomato crops in Indonesia was the inadequate of water supply during tomato growth. As far as there no other limiting factor, any crop will growth normally and produce maximum yield if there is enough water availability. Therefore, on upland agriculture water supply is an important agronomic practice to obtain a high yield. The most common practice in water management is to give back the water loss with irrigation water. In upland area, water is very valuable natural resources, and therefore it should be utilized efficiently. The supply of water continuously to compensate water loss might be not necessary, and has been omitted in water management practices. It would be more efficient to supply water at a period in which the crop need enough water, or in which the lack of water will result in the worst effect. Usually damaging effect of water stress in the plant tissue is very visible in the periods of rapid growth, and based on this phenomenon some workers suggest that there are certain growth periods in which the crops development is very sensitive to water stress (4). Water stress on vegetative phase tends to reduce the dry weight of the larger canopy, but increase the number of bunches of flowers, the number of bunches of fruit and fruit number. Stress that occurs at the beginning of growth allows the plants to recover more quickly, so in the end will have no effect on reducing the weight of the fruit harvest (5). Some workers have found that for tomato plants, the period of flower formation and fruit enlargement are very sensitive to water stress (6). The response, however, depends on the level of stress. Moderate water stress occurs before flowering can accelerate flowering and fruit formation. Severe water stress slow down the rate of flower initiation, inhibit fruit formation, and hence reduce the number of flowers and fruits (7). Water stress during the phase of fruit enlargement causing blossom end-rot disease (8). In their experiment on Capsicum annuum L., Koesriharti et al. (9) showed that the number of harvested fruit per plant varied depends on the level of water stress and the growth phase at which the water stress occurred. Supply of irrigation water at 40% field capacity from planting to flowering phase, and from flowering phase until fruit formation phase did not influence the number of harvested fruit. However, water supply at 60% or even 40% field capacity during the fruit formation phase until harvesting time, decreased the amount of harvested fruit up to 37.90% (compared to the control treatment). The objective of the experiment described here was to explore the method of increasing the efficiency of water irrigation for tomato growing. This was done by arranging water supply at the period where the growth of tomato crops is very sensitive to water shortage.

2. Bahan dan Metoda: harus jelas sehingga jika orang lain akan melakukan penelitian serupa bisa melakukannya tanp hrus bertanya pd penulis (ttp jangan tll panjang) Kelemahan: a. Metodologi/Rancangan percobaan/ instrument penelitian kurang jelas b. Variabel yang diamati kurang relevan c. Metoda pengamatan kurang jelas/tidak valid/keterbaruan d. Analisis statistik kurang jelas/kurang tajam

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments conducted in May-October 2009 in Yitnan-Pasuruan. Trials using Randomized Completed Block Design was comprised of seven levels of water treatment with 3 replications. C0 treatment (100% kc vegetative - generative kc 100%), C1 (100% kc vegetative - generative kc 70%), C2 (70% kc vegetative generative kc 100%), C3 (70% vegetative kc - 70% kc generative), C4 (100% kc vegetative - generative kc 40%), C5 (40% kc vegetative - generative kc 100%), and C6 (40% kc vegetative - generative kc 40%). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants, requiring 210 plants. Tomato plants used are grown cultivars Marta in a 10 kg polybags containing a mixture of soil media planting with manure (cow) with a ratio of 3:1. Fertilizers are provided in the form ZA 2.5 g plant-1 and SP-36 10 g plant-1 (one week after planting), Urea 5 g plant-1 and KCl 10 g plant-1 (given twice at the age of 21 and 35 days after planting), and Calcium 80 WP 5 g L-1 (given as plants age 52, 59 and 66 days after planting). Insecticides are used contain active Karbofuran 3% and Deltamethrin 25 g L-1 and which contain active fungicide propineb 70%. Treatment of water on tomato plants performed with the measuring cup in accordance with the treatment (based on the calculation of kc tomato plants in each phase), which is done every day since ditransplanting tomato plants. The observations made include: plant height, leaf number, flowering and fruiting age, number of flowers and fruit number and percentage of fruit set, the age of first harvest, the number of fruit harvested parted between healthy fruit, fruit diseased (blossom end-rot) and marketable fruit, fresh fruit weight per plant and fruit quality grading done. The data obtained were analyzed by F test (Analysis of Diversity). If there is a marked influence on the treatment, then followed by LSD test at 5% level.

Materials and Methods The purpose of this study was to observe the effort to decrease concrete crack width which was caused by normal temperature or high temperature on cooling condition without and with watering in certaint time. The variety temperature was 200C, 400C, 600C and observation was during 28 days. The influence of temperature in concrete block Riley, 1991 in Gani [3] said that crack would happen inside the mortar (pasta of cement) and around the agregate of particle at the temperature between 300 to 5000C, while temperature of 300oC was as the limit of crack which happenned around the agregate of particle. Last report about test of building material after burning presented that the breaking structure of concrete element would become worse after burning results if there was apalling or getting peeled of concrete blanket. Concrete has increased the temperature for heating, so water is contained in the holes and the concrete capilarry will be stronger at temperature of 100oC for some water and calcium silicate (CaSi) as the lack of water in cement pasta will disapear. It followed the lack of power. The increasing on number of vapour pressure in the holes caused explosive spalling that is part of concrete segment release from the surface and it happens at the temperature of 300 to 600oC. The next release will gradually be happened because there is formation of concrete that will became weak and brittle at the temperature of 6000C. Proof of strengthening concrete due to high temperature Concrete was proved having ability for keeping its integrity and strength from time to time [5]. At burning temperature, hot condition that was received by concrete in the surface was different with in the middle one. So the breaking degree of concrete sometimes only happens in the surface which is signed by hair crack. In this research, the temperature of concrete will be homogen so the temperature in every concrete is so good. And the concrete will be through a process of heating and cooling one by one. Heat in the concrete will be directly accepted by concrete surface in every side, while the temperature inside the concrete ( or middle) still be cool and it will cause damage in concrete.

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2. MATERIALS AND METHODS A green house experiment was done at Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia (at elevation of 1200 m above sea level, 7059 South, 1100 East). The experiment was carried out from May to October 2009, during which the average daily temperature are 20-34 0C and relative humidity are 70-90%. The experimental treatment was the amount of irrigated water and growth phase. The amount of irrigated water was determined based on the crop factor (kc) multiplied with daily potential evapotranspiration (ETo). The kc factor employed was the crop factor (kc) was defined as the ratio of the maximum evapotranspiration (ETm) to the potential evapotranspiration (ETo). The experimental treatments were: (1) the amount of water addition the same with the evapotranspiration throughout the growth of tomato crop, 100% kc; (2) 100% kc at vegetative growth and 70% kc at generative growth; (3) 70% kc at vegetative growth and 100% kc at generative growth; (4) 70% kc through out the tomato growth: (5)) 100% kc at vegetative growth and 40% kc at generative growth; (6) 40% kc at vegetative growth and 100% kc at generative growth; and (7) 40% through out the tomato growth. These 7 treatments were arranged in Completed Randomized Design with 3 replications. Tomato plant, Marta cultivar, was grown in a plastic poly bag of 25 cm diameter and 30 cm height with capacity of about 15 kg growth medium. The poly bag was filled with 10 kg growth medium containing a mixture of soil and cattle manure with a ratio of 3:1. The plant was fertilized with 2.5 g plant-1 ammonium sulphate; 5 g plant-1 urea; 10 g plant-1 super phosphate; and 10 g plant-1 KCl. Ammonium sulphate and superphosphate were given t one week after planting, and urea and KCl were given at 21 and 35 days after planting. In addition the plat was sprayed with Calcium 80 WP (5 g L-1) at 52, 59 and 66 days after planting. To control plant pest and diseases, the plant was sprayed with insecticide which active ingredient of Karbofuran 3% and Deltamethrin 25 g L-1; and with fungicide which active ingredient of propineb 70%. Potential evaporation was measured with open pan evaporation. Crop factor (kc) varies depend on the growth phase, in this study the kc employed was (10): kc = 0.75 during the development phase (25 days), kc = 1.15 during the maximum vegetative growth (40 days), and kc = 0.85 during the generative growth (60 days). Water addition was done every day. The data collected include: plant height, leaf number, the date of flowering and fruiting, number of flowers, number of fruits, and the date of the first harvesting. The harvested fruit was parted in: healthy fruit; blossom end-rot fruit; and marketable fruit. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, and if there was a significant difference, the data was further compared with LSD test at 5% level.

3. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Ada narasi (penjelasan dan interpretasi Tabel/Gb dan pembahasan: utj membahas bisa dari hasil pengamatan/data sendiri atau dari literatur) Kelemahan: a. Pemilihan penyajian (Table, Gambar, grafik, trend, histogram) kurang tepat b. Tabel atau Gambar kurang jelas c. Penjelasan hasil (Tabel/Gambar) kurang/tidak ada/terlalu detail sehingga duplikasi dengan Tabel/gambar d. Pembahasan tidak ada/kurang e. Wawasan kurang (pembandingan dgn penelitian lain) f. Satuan tidak mengikuti sistim yang dikehendaki jurnal ybs

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Test of strength for concrete press Concrete is tested by using compression testing machine, the test of strong press in material test (cylinder) is carried out on the day of 7th, 14th day, 21th, and 28th and the results are presented as in Table 1 until 4 below.

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The growth of tomatoes plants was significantly influence by the ammount of applied water and the growth phase at which the water applied (Table 1). Reduce the ammount of water supply up to 70% kc during vegetative growth did not significantly inluenced plant height, however, it significantly decreased leaf number (at 63 days meassurement). The deleterious effects of water stress in plants are usually most pronounced in tissues and organs which are in the stages of most rapid growth and development (11). This implies that there are periods of growth in plants when there is relatively greater or lesser sensitivity to water stress. The result in Table 1 show that the tomato plants watered with 100 kc at vegetative phase and 40 % at generative phase had the lower of plant height and leaf number compared to that of 40 kc at vegetative phase and 100 % at generative phase. This result indicated that generative growth phase was more sensitive to water stress. Table 1. Plant height and leaf number of tomato plant at various water management practices Treatment 42 days 63 days
1. Water added equal to ETm 28.27 c 146.95 c through out tomato growth2. 2.100% kc at vegetative growth; 113.47 cd 26.13 ab 136.00 bc 70% kc at generative growth 3.70% kc at vegetative growth; 109.80 abc 26.47 b 127.73 ab 100% kc at generative growth 4.70% kc through out the tomato 110.67 abc 26.47 b 122.60 ab growth 5. 100% kc at vegetative growth; 112.27 bcd 26.93 bc 123.23 ab 40 kc at generative growth 6. 40% kc at vegetative growth; 105.70 ab 26.00 ab 134.58 bc 100% kc at generative growth 7. 40% kc through out the tomato 103.66 a 26.47 a 117.67 a The numbers followed by the same letters in the same column is significantly different (p = 0.05). Plant height (cm) 119.60 d Leaf number Plant height (cm) Leaf number 37.67 d 34.93 c 34.67 c 34.20 bc 32.13 ab 34.60 c 31.07 a

Kesimpulan dan saran : harus gayut dengan judul pendahuluan dan menekankan hasil utama Kelemahan: a. Tidak gayut dengan judul dan pendahuluan b. Terlalu singkat atau sebaliknya terlalu rinci c. Saran diambil bukan dari hasil dan pembahasan

 4. CONCLUSION The treatment of the water level C1 (100% kc vegetative generative kc 70%), C2 (70% vegetative kc - 100% kc generative) on tomato plants do not reduce the total number of fruit crops, the number of healthy fruits, and number of pieces worth selling. However, treatment of water level C2 (70% vegetative kc - 100% kc generative) on tomato plants, have started to reduce the amount of total fruit crop, the number of healthy fruits, and number of pieces worth selling. The treatment of the water level C6 (40% kc vegetative generative kc 40%) decreased plant height, leaf number and total number of fruit harvested crop by 52%. C0 levels of water treatment (100% kc vegetative - generative kc 100%), C1 (100% kc vegetative - generative kc 70%) and C5 (40% kc vegetative - generative kc 100%) had a weight per fruit, weight of fresh fruit per plant and per hectare and marketable fruit weight which tends to be higher than the other treatments. The treatment of the water level C1 (100% kc vegetative generative kc 70%) and C5 (40% vegetative kc - 100% generative kc) can be used in the cultivation of tomato plants on land that water availability is limited or on dry land.

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 4. CONCLUSION The experimental result presented and discussed in section 3 showed that the water requirement of tomato plants could be minimized by arrangement of water supply. Reduced water supply at vegetative growth, as far as there was enough water during vegetative growth (70% kc at vegetative growth and 100% kc at generative growth; or 40% kc at vegetative growth and 100% kc at generative growth) was enough to produce high yield. The yield of these two treatments were 1307 g/plant and 1320 g/plant which were not significantly from that of tomato plant without water shortage, kc 100 %, (1461 g/plant).

a. b. c. d. e.

References: Gunakan prinsip relevansi, keterbaruan, artikel di Jurnal, dapat dilacak secara online, ikuti pedoman jurnal ybs dan regerence yg ada di teks harus sama dgn di daftar reference Kelemahan References didalam teks tidak sama dengan di daftar references Kurang relevan/keterbaruan Tidak dapat dilacak Menggunakan references yang tidak seharusnya (diktat kuliah, pustaka dalam artikel penulis lain) Penulisan tidak mengikuti format jurnal ybs

 REFERENCES Purtowiyatmo, Amir. 2003 Hansen, T C. 1976, Text Book on Concrete Technology , Directorate of Building Research, Bandung Indonesia Gani, M.S.J. 1997. Cement and Concrete, Faculty of Engineering Monash University, Clayton Victoria Australia. Anonim. 1998. Laporan Akhir Pengujian Material Pasca bakar, Laboratorium Managemen dan Rekayasa Konstruksi, ITB, Bandung. Saelan dan Wibisono. 2005. Pengaruh Kadar Semen Terhadap Ketahanan Beton Terhadap Api, Jurnal TEKNIK SIPIL, Vol.3 ,No 2, 2005. Mosley, W.H & Bungey, J.H. 1989. Perencanaan Beton Bertulang, Edisi III,

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REFERENCES Amanullah, M.M., Vaiyapuri, K., Sathyamuoorthi, K., Pashanivelan, S., and Alagesan, A. 2007. Nutrient uptake, tuber yield of Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Cranzt.) and soil fertility as influenced by organic manures. Journal of Agronomy 6 : 183 -187. Ardjasa, W .S. Ando, H., Kimura. M. 2001. Yield and Soil Erosion among Cassava-Based Cropping Patterns in South Sumatra. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 47 : 101 -112 Howeler, R.H. 1991. Long term effect of cassava cultivation on soil productivity. Field Crops Research 26 : 1 -18 Howeler, R.H. and L.F. Cadavid. 1990. Short- and long-term fertility trials in Colombia to determine the nutrient requirements of cassava. Fertilizer Research 26: 61-80. Howeler,R.H., Oates, C.G.and Allem, A.C. 2001. Strategic Environmental Assessment :An Assessment of the Impact of Cassava Production and Processing on the Environment and Biodiversity. FAO, Rome. Nguyen Hung, , Schoenau J. J., Nguyen Dang , Van Rees, K., and Boehm M. 2002. Effects of long-term nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization on cassava yield and plant nutrient composition in North Vietnam. J. of plant nutrition 25 : 425 -442. Odemerho, F.O. and Avwunudiogba, A. 1993. The effect of the changing of management practices on soil loss : A Nigeria example. The Geographical Journal 159 : 63 68. Putthacharoen, S., Howeler, R.H., Jantawat, S., Vichukit, V. 1998. Nutrient uptake and soil erosion losses in cassava and six other crops in a Psamment in eastern Thailand. Field Crops Research 57 : 113 126 Sittibusaya, C., C. Tiraporn, A. Tongglum, U. Cenpukdee, V. Vichukit, S. Jantawat and R.H. Howeler. 1995. Recent progress in cassava agronomy research in Thailand. In: R.H. Howeler (Ed.). Cassava Breeding, Agronomy Research and Technology Transfer in Asia. Proc. 4th Regional Workshop, held in Trivandrum, India. Nov 2-6, 1993. pp. 110-123. Yuniwati, E.D., Irawanto, D., Utomo, W.H., Howeler, R.H. and Kanto, S. 2008. Land Husbandry : A Better Approach for Sustainable Cassava Production. 1. Farmers Based Technology Development : The Main Key of Land Husbandry. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Research ( In press).

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