Anda di halaman 1dari 130

Understanding English

The Quality of your Communication is the Quality of your life

Day 1
Ice breaker Introduce your partner Joining the dots Free Speech Most Memorable Moment

Basic rules of good communication

Be clear Be load Use simple language Take feedback to confirm the listeners understanding.

3 aspects of good presentation


A presentation should have three main elements for the audience to understand and appreciate in totality:

Introduction : Tell them what you are going to tell them. Body : Tell them what you want to tell them.

Conclusion : Tell them what you have already told them.

Breathing
Say the following sentence breathing in after a word and adding a word before breathing in again till you complete the sentence.

I I can I can control I can control my I can control my breath I can control my breath and I can control my breath and sustain I can control my breath and sustain my I can control my breath and sustain my phrasing.

Breathing
I I can I can move I can move mountains I can move mountains and I can move mountains and oceans I can move mountains and oceans if I can move mountains and oceans if I I can move mountains and oceans if I want I can move mountains and oceans if I want to.

Six basic rules of communication

1. Organize what you want to say. 2. Plan the communication or conversation well ahead. 3. Communication is not just about what you say, but how you say it. 4. Always be clear and to the point. There is no need to over-elaborate. 5. Show how the person will benefit from the change. 6. Communication is a two-way process. You need to listen as much as you talk.

Coin fight

Convince your partner as to why you want the coin more desperately than he wants it.

Day 2
Meditation Presentation Parts of Speech

Statistics
We hear only half of what is said to us. (50%) We understand only half of that. (25%)

We believe only half of that. (12.5%)


We remember only half of that. (6.25%)

Parts of Speech The objective is to do away with stiff traditional definitions and introduce parts of speech with simple explanations

Parts of Speech
The different kinds of words that make up full sentences are known as parts of speech These terms come up frequently in the study of the sentence. They fall into 8 categories. Here is a list of them and their usual definitions to jog your memory. A noun names something. Shakespeare, cloud, advertisement A pronoun takes the place of a noun. you, her,I

A verb expresses action or refers to an event or a state of being. is, amaze, ensure, show, seem

Parts of Speech
An adjective qualifies-tells us something about a noun or a pronoun. beautiful, angry, strange, small, deliver.

An adverb qualifies a verb an adjective or another adverb. cleverly, very, usually, angrily, ago
A preposition shows a relation between a word and a noun (or a pronoun) that follows it. from, in, at, with, of, among, behind. A conjunction connects words or group of words and, but, although,or,yet An interjection express emotions acts as a signal or adds a conversational touch hey!wow!hello!well!oh!say!

NOUNS

Activity

Activity 1: Play Name, Place, Animal, Thing. Ask them to make 4 columns, with titles of Name Place, Animal, Thing. Choose any letter e.g. C. Give them a minute each to write the name of a person, place, animal, and thing starting with that letter. E.g Carol Calcutta Cat Chair Activity 2: Menu Card Ask the students to make a restaurant menu card

Today let us take on simple definitions in grammar like nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Many of you might think or feel that you already know about these, but will be surprised to know that even simple grammar keeps springing surprises on us.

Nouns

To explain in simple words, a noun is the name of a person, animal, place or thing.

The following are nouns -- mountains, tree, postman, cupboard,chair, apple, pen.

Types of Nouns
Concrete nouns are names of people and things we can touch or see. Nouns can also name things that cannot be seen or touched, but can be thought and felt. They express a quality, a state, a feeling or an action. Such nouns are called Abstract nouns. So an abstract noun is an IDEA, for example, honesty, childhood, happiness, bravery.

Concrete Nouns
1. Common Nouns (nouns of one class or kind) 2. Proper Nouns (special name) 3. Material Nouns (names of things from which other things are made) 4. Collective Nouns (a group of things considered as one) example chair, crow, flower.

Delhi, Ram, Everest

water, gold, wood

fleet, army, bunch.

Types of Nouns
Common Nouns - A Common noun always

begins with a small letter (unless it is at the beginning of a sentence). A common or general word. An example of the common noun - A girl and her dog played in the park.

Proper Nouns always begins with a capital


letter, such as John or London - those that NAME specific things, people or places

Common and Proper nouns


This list of examples will clarify the difference between Common and Proper nouns

The plumber is called John The nurse is called Nicky They come from a country called England They live in a county called Surrey John and Nicky drink coffee from Barista They eat burgers from McDonalds come from a country called England They live in a county called Surrey John and Nicky drink coffee from Starbucks They eat burgers from McDonalds

Collective Nouns
are the words used to define a group of people, animals or inanimate things. For example, in the phrase a "flock of geese" or a " pride of lions", flock and pride are collective nouns. There are many collective nouns that refer to animals. A group of people can be described as an army, company or audience.

A company of actors A swarm of bees A panel of experts A host of angels A deck of cards A banner of knights A colony of ants A herd of cows A coven of witches

Abstract Nouns
An abstract noun means the opposite to a concrete noun. If you cannot taste, touch, hear, smell or see something it is an abstract noun. Examples of abstract nouns are honesty, courage and loyalty.
Thought Creativity Loneliness Fairness Freedom Wisdom Revenge Loyalty Nature Communicatio nLove Hate Beauty Annoyance Education Pleasure Skill Courage

Nouns- Singular & Plural


There are some general rules for changing the singular form of a noun to its plural form. Eg: Common nouns. Pens(plural) Collective nouns. Armies(plural) Pen(singular) Army(singular)

Proper, abstract & material nouns can have plural forms when they are used as common nouns. All of you must be aware that the most common form of forming a plural by adding an s to the noun. Eg: Hand - Hands House - Houses

Rules
Plural of the nouns ending in x sh or ch (a hissing sound) is formed by adding es at the end.
Eg: glass box brush bench - glasses - boxes - brushes - benches

Plural of the nouns ending in a y and having a consonant before y is formed by changing y into ies. Eg: army - armies lady - ladies baby - babies fly - flies

Rules
If there is a vowel before the y, we just add s to the noun to form its plural. Eg: monkey - monkeys boy - boys toy - toys donkey donkeys day - days key - keys

There are some nouns which are used in plural sense, though they look singular. Eg: These cattle (not cattles) These people These folk

Rules
Some nouns are used in singular form.
Eg: This scenery is beautiful. All this information was wrong. Furniture is sold here. Some nouns have the same form both in singular and plural. Eg: This deer. This sheep. This fish. These deer. These sheep. These fish.

Rules

Compound nouns form their plural by adding s to the important word. Eg: mother-in-law - mothers-in-law step-son step-sons passer-by - passers-by maid-servant - maid-servants.

Rules
Nouns which are used only in singular though they look like plurals.

Eg: The news is _____________ Physics is ______________ Mathematics is ___________ Politics is ________________ An innings ______________ A means _____________

Types of Nouns

Of these, common and collective nouns are Countable nouns . eg. Fruit, rabbit, box, pen, city, hero. These nouns have plural forms. They take on the adjectives e.g. few, many, several, one, two etc. eg. Several pages(plural) in the book are missing. Nouns that cannot be counted in no.s are called Uncountable nouns. e.g. rice, wool, sugar, water, soil, music, air, coffee etc. These nouns have no plural forms. They take on adjectives like much little or a little. They cannot be used with nos.

Choose the Countable and Uncountable Nouns from the following table

Apple

Star

Cloth

Freedo m

Furnitur e

Picture

Stone

Dirt

Paper

Class

Family

Milk

Shop

Pen

Tea

Poetry

Poem

Team

Iron

Glass

ADJECTIVES

An Adjective is a word which describes a noun. In other words, adjectives show the property of a noun.

Types of Adjectives

Descriptive Adjectives
1.1 Of what quality e.g A small boy Of what state e.g A careful girl

1.2

Proper Adjective
Made with proper nouns:

e.g The English language

Quantitative Adjectives
Answer the question : how much and how many

Used with Countable nouns


e.g much water little rice enough money

Numeral Adjectives
Answer the question : how much and how many

Used with Uncountable nouns


e.g many stars few books enough chances

Demonstrative Adjectives
Answer the question which

e.g this book that tree such friends

Distributive Adjectives
Show whether the noun that follows is taken singly or in separate lots. The four distributive adjectives are Each, Every, Either, Neither

Possessive Adjectives
Answer the question whose

e.g

my book our country your voice his job

Pronouns

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

She, herself, it, and this are examples of pronouns

Pronouns
I is the pronoun of the first person because it represents the person speaking You is the pronoun of the second person because it represents the person spoken to He, She, It are the pronouns of the third person because they represent the persons or things of whom we are speaking

Home Assignment
Exercise on Nouns Assignments on Types of Nouns

Day 3
Activity- 5 truths and a lie Story Building Test paper 2 Consonant Sounds

Breathing & Meditation

Activity
5 Truths and a lie

Test Paper 2

Breathing and Yawning exercise

Correct posture thread over the head


Yawning exercise Tongue stretch Ghost Buster cheek stretch

Consonants
The English consonant sounds are divided into: Voiced consonants Unvoiced consonants

VOICED CONSONANTS are those consonants sounds, which are produced and carried forward by the human voice. These sounds can be fully utilized to add resonance to the voice. UNVOICED CONSONANTS are consonant sounds that are produced without any human voice. Consonant sounds are produced by the partial or full interruption of the breath flow.

Sound Formation Techniques


Labial

p, b, m, w

Lips come together, gentle contact, release p,


b or m. There should be a puff of air, if p is the starting letter. p is aspirated unvoiced. b is non aspirated voiced. m is a nasal sound. w sound is produced by saying oooo with a kissing gesture.

Sound Formation Techniques


t, d
1. Tongue tip behind upper teeth. 2. Front teeth closed together. 3. Air released with a click as teeth separate. (Sound of a symbol, train, etc.)

Home Assignment

Exercise on Adjectives Assignments to practice types of Adjectives

Day 4
Verbs Activity Verbs and Tenses Card game Consonant Sounds

VERBS

Simon Says
One of the people is "it" i.e., Simon. The others must do what Simon tells them to do when asked with a phrase beginning with "Simon says". If Simon says "Simon says jump", the players must jump (players that do not jump are out). However, if Simon says simply "jump", without first saying "Simon says", players do not jump; those that do jump are out. In general, it is the spirit of the command, not the actions that matters; if Simon says "Simon says touch your toes", players only have to show that they are trying to touch their toes

About Verbs

A verb is a word which implies action or the doing of something, or it may be defined as a word which affirms, commands or asks a question. The simple form of the verb without inflection is called the root of the verb; e. g. love is the root of the verb "To Love."

About Verbs
Types of Verbs Regular Verbs A verb is said to be regular when it forms the past tense by adding 'ed' to the present or 'd' if the verb ends in 'e'. A verb is said to be irregular when its past tense does not end in 'ed' A transitive verb is one the action of which passes over to or affects some object; as "I struck the table." Here the action of striking affected the object table, hence struck is a transitive verb action remains with the subject; as "I walk," "I sit" or "I run". Many intransitive verbs, however, can be used transitively; thus, "I walk the horse;" walk is here transitive.

Irregular Verbs Transitive -

Intransitive - An intransitive verb is one in which the

About Verbs
Verbs are inflected by number, person, tense and mood Number and person - as applied to the verb really belong to the
subject; they are used with the verb to denote whether the assertion is made regarding one or more than one and whether it is made in reference to the person speaking, the person spoken to or the person or thing spoken about.

Tense- In their tenses verbs follow the divisions of time. They have
present tense, past tense and future tense with their variations to express the exact time of action as to an event happening, having happened or yet to happen.

About Verbs
Verbs are inflected by number, person, tense and mood

The Mood of a verb denotes the mode or manner in which it is used. Thus if it is used in its widest sense without reference to person or number, time or place, it is in the Infinitive Mood; as "To run." Here we are not told who does the running, when it is done, where it is done or anything about it.

About Verbs
A verb, as we all know, shows action. It also tells us the time of action. The verb tells us whether the action has already taken place, is taking place or will take please. To show the time in which the action is taking place, sometimes several verbs are put together. Ex: The fly sits on the fruit. here the verb tells us what is happening in the present or what happens from time to time(present tense). Ex: The fly sat on the fruit. Here the verb consists of one word and tells us of the action that took place in the past (past tense)

Ex: The fly will sit on the fruit. Here it consists of 2 verbs will sit. To show what will happen in the future, the verb sit takes on the helping verb will (future tense)

About Verbs
A verb does two things in a sentence. It shows the action ( ex-works) or the state of being (ex is,was) of the subject. The boy walks to school The flower is beautiful It shows the time of the action(the tense) Ex: The boy walked to school

About Verbs

The Simple tense This tense shows the present, past or future of the action in its simplest form. He goes to school. (simple present tense) He wants to go to school. (simple present tense) He will go to school. (simple future tense)

About Verbs
Let us examine the verb in a simple tense.

eg:

The peon rings the bell. (every hour or every day) The earth goes round the sun. We eat every day. Mother visits the temple daily.

Here, the simple tense of the verb shows routine work, a permanent truth or habit.

About Verbs
The thing to be noted is that the verb ends with an s in a simple present tense if the subject is he, she or it. Eg: The minister brings a brief case to the office. She sings in a melodious voice

When the word have is used to mean possession we use has for he, she or it, and have for other subjects.
E.g: I have a pen We have pens She has a pen He has a pen

About Verbs
The Continuous tense shows that the action (in present, past and future) is still continuing or not yet complete.

eg: He is selling the product. (present continuous) He was selling the product (past continuous) He will be selling the product (future continuous) This is also called Imperfect tense because it shows an action which is incomplete or imperfect.

About Verbs
The Perfect tense shows that an action is in a completed or perfect state.
eg: I have done my work

Present Tense
She has done her work I had done my work

Past Perfect
She had done her work I shall have done my work

Future Perfect
He will have done his work

About Verbs
The Simple Past tense is used to describe actions and states in the past that are complete in themselves. Verbs in this tense usually go with the adverb (adverbial phrases) like yesterday, last week, (month year) an hour ago, in 1942, etc. Eg: I found a pen yesterday. We drove to Bangalore last week. You arrived here last year. India won freedom in 1947. The agent came here a few minutes ago.

About Verbs
The verb be takes these forms. The Past Continuous Tense. This tense shows that the action was going on for some time in the past. It also shows what was happening for a period of time before the action was completed. If two actions occurred at the same time, we use the past continuous tense to describe one of them.

E.g : I was reading the newspaper when the postman rang the bell.
The continuous tense takes a helping verb to show the tense. They are is, am, are, was, were, being. Eg: The boys were playing when mother called them.

Tenses
Simple
Present
I love He loves They love

Continuous
I am loving He is loving They are loving

Perfect
I am loved He is loved They are loved

Perfect Continuous
I am being loved He is being loved They are being loved I had been loving He had been loving They had been loving

Past

I loved He loved They loved

I was loving He was loving They were loving

I had loved He had loved They had loved

Future

I will love He will love They will love

I will be loving He will be loving They will be loving

I shall have loved He shall have loved They shall have loved

I shall have been loving He shall have been loving They shall have been loving

Guessing game
Pack of cards with words

Home Assignment
Exercise on Verbs Assignments

Sound Formation Techniques


Labio-Dental f, v

These sounds are produced by biting the lower lip with the help of the upper teeth.

Day 5
Meditation

ADVERBS
Activity Passing the Bottle

An Adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a Verb, an Adjective or another Adverb

An Adverb
For example :

This a is a very beautiful painting


-- very shows HOW MUCH (or in what degree) -- very modifies the Adjective beautiful

An Adverb
For example :

Rahul runs quickly


-- quickly shows HOW (or in what manner) -- quickly modifies the Verb runs

An Adverb
For example :

Govind reads quite clearly


-- quite shows HOW FAR (or to what extent) -- quite modifies the Adverb clearly

Kinds of Adverbs

Adverbs of Time
Which shows when :

I have heard this before. We shall now begin to work. He comes here daily.

Adverbs of Place
Which shows where :

Stand here. He looked up.

Adverbs of Frequency
Which shows how often :

I have told you twice. He often makes mistakes.

Adverbs Of Degree
Which shows how much or to what extent :

He was too careless. I am fully prepared. I am so glad.

Adverbs of Manner
Which shows how or in what manner :

Rashmi reads clearly. The story is well written. The boy works hard.

Adverbs of Reason

He therefore refused to help.


It was hence completed on time.

Adverbs of Affirmation or Negation

Surely, you are mistaken.


I do not know him.

Sound Formation Techniques

s,z
s - 1. Front teeth closed together 2. Tongue flat BEHIND both sets of teeth 3. Release continuous flow of air. z - Same as s, but with vibration.

Sound Formation Techniques


th
1. Tongue between the front teeth. 2. Continuous flow of air.
(Sounds like s, but with tongue between teeth. Remember, the tongue should never touch the palate.)

the
Same as th, but with vibration instead of air flow.
(Like z with the tongue between the teeth.)

Sound Formation Techniques


r
1. Say aaaa. Tongue is flat. 2. Curl tip of tongue inward very slightly while saying aaa.

l
1. Keep tip of tongue behind front upper teeth, and curl tongue up towards palate so front quarter of tongue is in contact with palate, not just tip.

Day 6

Extempore Speech

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions
The book is the desk. -- this statement doesnt make any sense The book is on the desk the word ON shows the relationship between the desk and the book. The book can also be in the desk, under the desk or besides the desk.

Prepositions
A preposition connects words, clauses, and sentences together and shows the relation between them. "My hand is on the table" shows relation between hand and table. Prepositions are so called because they are generally placed before the words whose connection or relation with other words they point out. Examples of common English Prepositions: above, after, behind, during, from, toward and until

Some Common Prepositions


about above after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during for from in into like near of off on over through to toward under until with within without

Conjunctions
A conjunction joins words, clauses and sentences; as "John and James." "My father and mother have come, but I have not seen them.". A conjunction is used to link words, phrases, and clauses Conjunctions are so called because they are generally placed before the words whose connection or relation with other words they point out. Examples of common English Conjunctions: and, also; either, or; neither, nor; but, however

Conjunctions
And Or But Nor So For Yet After Although As As If As Long As Because Before Even If Even Though Once Since So That Though Till Unless Until What When Whenever Wherever Whether While

Coffee Pot
Activity

Sound Formation Techniques


ch, j
Jaws shut. Release ch, j as in Hindi.

sh
Same as ch, j with a continuous flow of air.

zh
Same placement as sh, but with voice.

y
Same as zh, but jaws slightly apart, not touching.

Day 7
Meditation Extempore

Syllables

A unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant alone, or by any of these sounds preceded, followed, or surrounded by one or more consonants.

Syllable Stress
-ology Biology Sociology Technology Astrology Theology Gastronomy Monotony -tion Station Relation Production Specializatio n Amortization -lity Ability Facility Utility Capability Comprehens ibility Complexity Simplicity Calamity Activity Community Clarity -ic/-ics Physics Dynamic Logistics Statistics Gymnastics -ical Practical Physical Critical Statistical Logical

Syllable Stress
-ically -ial -ially Financially Essentially Substantially Commerciall y -ious -meter

Basically Statistically Logically Practically Economically

Official Commercial Crucial Artificial Facial

Pious Obvious Notorious Ceremoniou s Conscious

Kilometer Thermomete r Odometer Barometer Speedomete r

Alphabet Game
Activity

Vowels
Vowel sounds can be categorized into: Lip vowels & Tongue vowels

LIP VOWELS are those vowel sounds that are crafted by the shaping of the lips. Lip vowels are:

Aa - aw - oh - oo
TONGUE VOWELS are vowel sounds that are made by the movement of the tongue. Aa - ay - ee - I

Short & Long Vowels


Short 'a map apple hat plan ant Long 'a snail whale lake name page Short 'e egg help fell bed red Long 'e heat key leaf peach free Short 'i king six wig grin fish Long 'i size smile time dice bike Short 'o sock song job stop top Long 'o cone dose globe coat rose Short 'u mug bus rug luck lunch Long 'u duke flute cube glue fruit

Vowel Sounds
oh boat coat chose don't phone goes hole Joke crow low moan note oh boat coat chose don't phone goes hole Joke crow low moan note aw bought caught chalk dot fought gauze hall jock crawl lost morn not ow bout clout chow doubt found grouse howl jowl crowd loud mount now ae bat cat chat dad fat gas Hal Jack crab lad mat gnat ay bait crate chaste date fate gaze hail Jake crate late mate Nate ee beat keel cheese deed feet geese heel jeep creep lead meat neat I bite kite chide diet fight guise hire jive crime light might night

Diphthongs
A complex speech sound or glide that begins with one vowel and gradually changes to another vowel within the same syllable, as (oi) in boil or () in fine.

Tile

Toil

Tale

Towel

Tier

Sign

Soil

Sail

Sound

Seer

Abide

Avoid

Evade

Avowed

Allied Try Dye

Alloy Tray Doily

Allay Troy Day

Aloud Trowel Down Tear Dear

Day 8
Articles Interjection Free Speech

Articles

Articles
An Article is a word placed before a noun to show whether the noun is used in a particular or general sense. There are two articles, a or an and the. Whenever you see an article, you will find a noun with it A or an is called the indefinite article because it does not point out any particular person or thing but indicates the noun in its widest sense; therefore a man means any man whatsoever of the species or race.

The is called the definite article because it points out


some particular person or thing; therefore, the man means some particular individual.

Application
Examples: a dog or an apple or an orange. The word 'An' is used when the next word begins with a vowel or a silent (unpronounced) h, as in an elephant or an hour. Some rules regarding the word 'an' prior to a word beginning with H. The 'H' is never pronounced before honour, hour, heir, honest and herb.

Interjection
An interjection is a word used to express some sudden emotion of the mind Examples: "Ah! there he comes" and "Alas! what shall I do?" The word 'ah' expresses surprise, and the word 'alas' expresses distress.

Nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs become interjections when they are uttered as exclamations Examples OF interjections: nonsense! strange! hail! away! etc.

Day 9
Noun-Verb Change Word Stress-Emphasis US-UK Free Speech

Noun-Verb Change
NOUN
an accent a conflict a contest a contract a contrast a convict a desert a discharge an envelope an incline an insert an insult an object a permit a present produce progress a project a rebel a recall a record a reject a subject a survey a suspect

VERB
to accent to conflict to contest to contract to contrast to convict to desert to discharge to envelope to incline to insert to insult to object to permit to present to produce to progress to project to rebel to recall to record to reject to subject to survey to suspect

His Scottish accent, accented his English. The conflict was caused due to the conflicting interests between the two parties. I contest judgment for the contest. The new contract, contracted the term to 2 years. In contrast, the two brothers have personalities that contrast greatly. The convict was convicted for 12 years of hard labor. Sam deserted Denise in the desert where she ate her dessert. The discharge was green when it was discharged from his body during surgery. She took the envelope from his hands and enveloped him in a bear hug. I am inclined to believe that she pushed him off the incline! Please insert an insert in tomorrow's newspaper. Greg insulted the court by hurling an insult at his opponent. The object of our discussion objects to being manhandled. Please permit me to go and get the travel permit made. They presented Michael with his birthday present at midnight when he was present. Due to the drought, the fields didn't produce much produce this year. We need to progress faster to be able to match up to the progress made last year. The project head projects a 3-fold rise in the next quarter. She rebelled against her parents by establishing the Teen Rebel Force. Do you recall the email that he recalled? She recorded the dates from the records they had kept. She rejected the rejects from the previous interviews. The subject was subjected to a harrowing experience while traveling to work. In the Survey, they had to survey the number of tax payers in each family. I suspect that the suspect left town last Wednesday.

Intonation

A manner of producing or uttering tones, especially with regard to accuracy of pitch.

Word Stress
I didnt say he stole the money. Someone else said it. I didnt say he stole the money. Thats not true at all. I didnt say he stole the money. I only suggested the possibility. I didnt say he stole the money. I think someone else took it. I didnt say he stole the money. Maybe he just borrowed it. I didnt say he stole the money, but rather some other money. I didnt say he stole the money. He may have taken some jewelry.

Word Stress

1. Im going to the store. (I am, Not you) 2. I am going to the store. (Are you going? Yes, I am) 3. I am going to the store. (Have you gone to the storeNo I am going now) 4. I am going to the store. (Not coming From it) 5. I am going to the store. (Not some other store) 6. I am going to the store. (Not the mall)

US-UK Exercise
Points to remember The Uk has a stiff upper lip and they tend to be stiff with their pronunciations, unlike the US. The US roll their Rs The oh sound is replaced by the ah sound In UK when the r appears at the end it is usually dropped. Eg father In Uk a y is placed in front of few vowel sounds while the US pronounce without it eg New York, assume, duke, due

Day 10
Sounds Recap Extempore Final Assessment

Silent Letters in Words

There are certain words which have a particular letter or letters that are silent and therefore the pronunciation of the word is different.

Example
B Silent in words like D - Silent in words like Judge Edge

Comb Dumb Debt


C - Silent in words like

G - Silent in words like Resign Sign

Scene Scent

Example
GH Silent in words like K- Silent in words like Know Knee

Brought Though Night


H - Silent in words like

L - Silent in words like


Talk Half

Hour Honor

Example
N Silent in words like U- Silent in words like

Autumn
P - Silent in words like Psychology Pneumonia

Tongue Guard W - Silent in words like


Write Answer

T - Silent in words like


Listen Often Catch

Some Tips To Learn English Better


Use the language as often as possible, but also try and be a good listener. Listen to the news broadcast on the radio and also on the television. It will help you improve your pronunciation. Read an extract from a book everyday. Newspaper editorials make good reading material. Read articles in magazines and try to rewrite them in your own words.

Some Tips To Learn English Better


Intonation and emphasis on the right word at the right time is very important. Read aloud a passage from a book or a poem, record it and then correct intonation as you listen to it. Maintain a register and keep noting down your grey areas. Go through them every week and try to correct your mistakes.

Some Tips To Learn English Better


Note down some new words and phrases, which you think could be used in your day to day conversation, in your register. The dictionary should be your constant companion. When in doubt about the meaning or pronunciation of a word, always refer to the dictionary.

Some Tips To Learn English Better


Group discussions are extremely important. Select a topic of your choice and discuss it with a group of friends. It will boost your confidence and will also allow you to think of new sentences.

Select a topic and try to speak about it for at least a minute in front of the mirror.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai