PRESENTED BY P&I DISCIPLINE (TSG)

TECHNICAL SERVISES GROUP

NTDC, LAHORE

INTRODUCTION OF D.C SYSTEM NASIR GHAURI

Feb: 27,2012 to March 02,2012

ETHICS
Ethics, is a set of moral principles, should play a very significant role in guiding the conduct of managers and employees in the operation of any enterprise. Ethics is concerned with what is right and what is wrong in human behaviour. It is normative and prescriptive, not neutral. It addresses the question of what ought to be. Ethics refers both to the body of moral principles governing a particular society or group and to the personal moral precepts of an individual.

Quality
Quality is any thing that can be improved.
Quality is associated not only with products and services but also with
The way machines are operated The way systems and procedures are dealt with. The way people work

COMPONEMTS OF D.C SYSTEM

i) BATTERY

ii) BATTERY CHARGER iii) D.C DISTRIBUTION BOARD

BATTERIES

TYPES OF BATTERIES
i) PRIMARY BATTERIES

ii) SECONDRY BATTERIES

TYPES OF SECONDRY BATTERIES MOSTLY USED IN SUB STATIONS

i) ii) LEAD-ACID BATTERIES NICKLE-CADMIUM BATTERIES

LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
1) FLOODED (WET) VENT TYPE i) ii) LEAD-CALCIUM LEAD-ANTIMONY

a- FLAT PLATE b- TUBULAR PLATE

2) VALVE REGULATED, VRLA (SEALED)

i) ii) abLEAD-CALCIUM LEAD-ANTIMONY-SELENIUM ABSORBED GLASS MATTE (AGM) GEL

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES

i) ii) iii) POSITIVE PLATE NAGETIVE PLATE PbO2 Pb

SULPHURIC ACID AS AN ELECTROLYTE H2SO4

Battery Discharged
(+ plate) PbSO4 + (- plate) (solution)

Battery Charged
(+ plate) PbO2 + (- plate) (solution)

PbSO4 + 2H2O

Pb + 2H2 SO4

(lead sulfate) (lead sulfate) (water)

(lead peroxide) (lead) (sulfuric acid)

CHEMICAL REACTION
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 2PbSO4 + 2H2 + O2

NICKEL-CADMIUM BATTERIES
2 NiOOH + Cd + 2H2O Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

CHARGING REQUIRMENTS OF BATTERIES

i) INITIAL / AFTER CAPACITY TEST CHARGING FLOAT CHARGING
BOOST CHARGING PERIODIC / EQUALIZING CHARGING

ii)
iii) iv)

INITIAL / AFTER CAPACITY TEST CHARGING

CHARGING RATE SHOULD BE MANTINED AS PER MANUFACTURER INSTRUCTION WHICH IS APPROXIMATLLY 7% OF AMPER HOUR CAPACITY

FLOAT CHARGING
CHARGING VOLTAGE THAT COUNTERACTS SELF DISCHARGE

BOOST VOLTAGE
AFTER DISCHARGE, THE BATTERY IS RECHARGED AT HIGHER CHARGING RATE

PRIODIC / EQUALIZING CHARGE

CORRECTIVE TYPE OF CHARGE THAT BRINGS ALL CELLS UP TO FULLY CHARGE CONDITION. IT IS APPLIED AFTER INITIAL CHARGE, CAPACITY TEST AND A SPACIFIC PERIOD. THE VOLTAGE LEVEL IS KEPT EQUIVALENT TO THAT OF BOOST CHARGE.

BATTERY CHARGER

A DEVICE WHICH IS USED TO MAINTAIN BATTERY AND LOAD UNDER ALL OPERATING CONDITIONS

CONNECTED IN SYSTEM
TYPE : 1
Battery Battery Charger Distribution Board

CONNECTED IN SYSTEM
TYPE : 2
Battery Charger Distribution Board Battery

PARTS OF BATTERY CHARGER i) ii) iii) iv) v) MAIN TRANSFORMER BRIDGE RECTIFIRE LCR FILTER BLOCKING DIODE LOAD VOLTAGE CONTROL CIRCUIT vi) FIRING CIRCUIT vii) PROTECTION CIRCUIT

DRAWINGS

D.C DISTRIBUTION BOARD

HOLDS ALL PROTECTIONS, CONTROLS AND OPERATIONS

Battery

Battery Charger

Distribution Board

Battery

Battery Charger

Distribution Board

Battery Battery Charger

Coupler C.B

Distribution Board

GROUND DETECTION AMPEER METER METHOD

GROUND DETCETION VOLT METER METHOD

GROUND DETACTING CIRCUIT

THANKS

TAKE CARE & ALLAH HAFIZ