Up gradation and Experimental Study of One Tonne Refrigeration Unit

Submitted by: Awanish Kumar (122/07) Bikash Prasad (158/07) Manish Tripathi (185/07) Yashika Thaper (345/07)

Guided by: Adnan Qayoum Associate Professor Mech Engg. Department NIT Srinagar

Contents
Introduction
Saturation temperature Latent heat Parts of refrigeration unit Refrigerant used Basic refrigeration cycle Challenges and modifications

Conclusion

Introduction
Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a material or

space, so that its temperature is lower than that of its surroundings.

The rate of heat removal from surrounding equivalent to

the heat required for melting one tonne of ice in 1 day (One tonne of Refrigeration) extracts heat from the surrounding area as it expands (boils) into a gas.

This cycle is based on the physical principle, that a liquid

Saturation Temperature
can be defined as the temperature of a liquid, vapour, or a solid, where if any heat is added or removed, a change of state takes place.
A change of state transfers a large

amount of energy.
At saturation temperature,

materials are sensitive to additions or removal of heat.

Refrigerants use the same principles

as ice. For any given pressure, refrigerants have a saturation temperature.

Latent Heat
The heat required to change a liquid to a gas (or the heat that must be removed from a gas to condense it to a liquid), without any change in temperature.

It is just process of phase

Transformation at constant temperature & pressure.

The Refrigeration Unit

There are four main components in a refrigeration system:
The Compressor The Condensing Coil The Expansion Device

The Evaporator

Contd.
Two different pressures exist in the refrigeration cycle.

The evaporator or low pressure, in the "low side" and the condenser, or high pressure, in the "high side". These pressure areas are divided by the other two components. On one end, is the expansion device which controls the refrigerant flow, and on the other end, is the compressor.

The Compressor
The compressor is the heart of the

system.It compresses the low pressure refrigerant vapour from the evaporator and compresses it into a high pressure vapour.
The inlet to the compressor is called the

Suction Line. It brings the low pressure vapour into the compressor.
After the compressor compresses the

refrigerant into a high pressure Vapour, it removes it to the outlet called the Discharge Line.

The Condenser
The Discharge Line leaves the

compressor and runs to the inlet of the condenser.

The hot vapor enters the condenser and

starts to flow through the tubes. Cool air is blown across the out side of the finned tubes of the condenser .
As the heat is removed from the

refrigerant, it reaches its saturated temperature.

The high pressure liquid leaves the

condenser through the liquid line.

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Expansion Devices
Expansion devices regulate how

much liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator .

Common used expansion

devices are, small thin copper tubes referred to as cap tubes, thermally controller diaphragm valves called TXVs (thermal expansion valves) and single opening orifices.

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Solenoid Valve
A solenoid valve is an

electromechanical valve for use with liquid or gas. The solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical energy which, in turn, opens or closes the valve mechanically.

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Thermal expansion Valves

A very common type of expansion

device is called a TX Valve (Thermostatic Expansion Valve). This valve has the capability of controlling the refrigerant flow. If the load on the evaporator changes, the valve can respond to the change and increase or decrease the flow accordingly. liquid Slugging

With the help TX Valve, we can avoid Normally TXV's are set to maintain 10

degrees of superheat. That means that the gas returning to the compressor is at least 10 degrees away from the risk of having any liquid.
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The Evaporator
The evaporator is where the heat

is removed from your house , business or refrigeration box.

The cooler refrigerant in the

evaporator tubes, absorb the warm room air. The change of temperature causes the refrigerant to flash or boil, and changes from a low pressure liquid to a low pressure cold vapor.

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Refrigerant Used
R-22 ( Chlorodifluoromethane) or Freon-22(CHClF2)

Propeties: non-toxic non-flammable non-explosive commercially available in different cylinder sizes oil miscible

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Basic Refrigeration Cycle

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Contd.

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COP Measurement
Work Input

Win = h2-h1
Heat Rejected

QH = h2-h3
Heat Extracted

QL = h1-h4

COP refri. = Desired effect/WorkInput = (h1-h4)/(h2-h1)

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Terms used
Latent Heat Superheated Vapour Saturation Temperature

Sensible Heat
Sub-Cooling

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Challenges and Modifications

Compressor
The earlier compressor was reciprocating open type

compressor. It was repaired, brass welding was done; but still had some leakages therefore it was changed.

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Contd.

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Motor
The earlier compressor

was driven by the motor. To first test the compressor, the motor was repaired. As the new compressor doesnt need it. It is only used to air cool the condenser.

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Expansion valve
Expansion valve was

damaged & it has been changed.

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Filter - Dryer
A filter drier is to trap any

trace of moisture or impurity in the refrigerant that might impair the action of the system. Moisture may freeze in the coolest part of the system and cause blockage. It is completely changed.

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Conclusion
We wanted to bring the system into working condition, and we were able to achieve that. We were able to understand the refrigeration basics practically and we are so thankful for the exposure we have got.

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THANK YOU

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