Universidad Autnoma de Nuevo Len Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia

Patologa Sistmica Unidad 2 Respiratorio Rafael Ramrez Romero

Anatoma del Sistema Respiratorio

Diafragmtico Apical Intermedio

Cardiaco (Accesorio)

CONDUCCIN: Cornetes, Trquea, Bronquios intrapulmonares, Epitelio Seudoestratificado (clulas ciliadas y productoras de moco)

Apical (Cranial) lobe, cranial and caudal parts

Middle lobe
Accessory lobe

Diafragmatic (Caudal) lobe

Histologa del Sistema Respiratorio

CONDUCCIN: Cornetes, Laringe, Trquea, Bronquios. Revestido por Epitelio Seudoestratificado (clulas ciliadas y productoras de moco) TRANSICIN: Bronquiolos, Clulas ciliadas y clulas no ciliadas (Clulas Clara). Los bronquiolos ms distales ya no contienen clulas caliciformes

Conduccin

Transicin

Intercambio

INTERCAMBIO: Alveolos, compuesto por clulas epiteliales (Neumocitos I y Neumocitos II) y rodeados por capilares

Defensas del Sistema Respiratorio

Conduccin

Bronquios, Atrapan partculas entre 2 y 10 m. Sus defensas son similares a las enumeradas anteriormente, elevador mucociliar e IgA Bronquiolos. Detienen partculas entre 2 y 5 m. Posee mecanismos de destoxificacin y defensinas Alvolos. Las partculas 2 m alcanzan este nivel. Sus defensas son Macrfagos, surfactante, defensinas, e IgG

Transicin

Intercambio

SEM Image of Mucociliary Escalator

SEM Image of Alveolar Macrophage

CONDUCCIN: Cornetes, Laringe, Trquea, Bronquios. Revestido por Epitelio Seudoestratificado (clulas ciliadas y productoras de moco)

INTERCAMBIO: Alveolos, compuesto por clulas epiteliales (Neumocitos I y Neumocitos II) recubriendo capilares

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

Bovine, Fibrinonecrotic Rhinitis and Pharyngitis: IBR and subsequent bacterial (oportunistic) infection

Bovine: IBR Fibrinonecrotic Pharyngitis, Laryngitis and Tracheitis

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), also part of Calf Diphtheria when Fusobacterium necrophorum or Histophilus somni are included

Laryngitis, epiglottitis and pharingytis

Examples of viral rhinitis in domestic animals:

Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR/BHV-1)

Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF/BHV-3) Parainfluenza (PI-3) Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis (EVR / EHV-4) Feline Rhinotracheitis (FHV-1) and Feline Calicivirus

Canine Distemper (Morbillivirus)

Inclusion Body Rhinitis piglets (Cytomegalovirus)

Malignant Catharral Fever (MCF)

Ferret with rhinitis and conjunctivitis

This is the transitional epithelium in bladder. Your Diagnosis is_____________________________

Inclusion Bodies Rhinitis, in piglets (Cytomegalovirus)

Rhinopneumonitis in
aborted foal

Strangles Etiologa

Gurma o Papera Equina Etiology Streptococcus equi

Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs, caused by Pasteurella multocida D, sometimes in association with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Mineral imbalance has also been proposed in pathogenesis

Guttural Pouches Mycotic Infection due to Aspergillus fumigatus in a horse

Mycotic Rhinitis and Sinusitis in a dog by Aspergillus fumigatus

Cat with granulomatous conjunctivitis by Cryptococcus neoformans. Rhinitis, conjunctivitis and subsequent CNS dissemination is common

Rhinitis by Linguatula serrata; in spite of its appearence this is a parasite more related with mites

Oestrus ovis sinusitis and rhinitis in a sheep

MEMBERS OF THE KENNEL COUGH COMPLEX Parainfluenza virus Canine Adenovirus type 2 Canine Distemper Virus Canine Herpesvirus Mycoplasma Canine Reovirus (type 1, 2, or 3)

Any of these viruses can produce a minor sore throat and cough ultimately allowing an in for the more toxic Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria.

Dog, trachea and bronchi Parasitic nodules Oslerus (Filaroides) osleri

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVDycgk7oqc

Heaves Chronic Obstructuve Pulmonary Disease in horses

Hulfago

Clasificacin de Neumonas: Clasificacin Anatomopatolgica

Color Textura Exudado Distribucin Extensin Rojo, Gris, etc Firme, Nodular, etc Fibrinoso, Supurativo, etc Difusa, Craneoventral, etc. 5%, 15%, 50% Informa sobre el curso Informa sobre la inflamacin Informa sobre los agentes etiolgicos Informa sobre va de entrada (Patogenia) Determina su gravedad

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Clasificacin de Neumonas: Clasificacin Anatomopatolgica

Bronconeumona Supurativa Bronconeumona Fibrinosa

Neumona Intersticial Neumona Granulomatosa

Neumona Emblica

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Caractersticas Comnes entre la Bronconeumona Supurativa y la Bronconeumona Fibrinosa

Bronconeumona Supurativa
Color Gris

Bronconeumona Fibrinosa
Rojo, Negruzco

Textura
Exudado Distribucin

Firme (Consolidado; Hepatizacin Gris)

Pus (Supurativo) en interior de bronquios Craneoventral VA AERGENA

Firme (Consolidado; Hepatizacin Roja)

Fibrina en la superficie pleural Craneoventral VA AERGENA

Extensin
Curso

Variable; casos graves 40-50%

Subagudo a crnico

Casi siempre extensa >50%

Agudo a subagudo
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Anthony W. Confer, DVM, MS, PhD Diplomate ACVP Regents Professor & Endowed Chair Dept. Veterinary Pathobiology Oklahoma State University

Clasificacin de Neumonas: El mejor ejemplo de Bronconeumona Supurativa

ENZOOTIC PNEUMONIA

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Bronchopneumonia in a calf. The disease is called Enzootic Pneumonia. The most commonly involved organisma are: PI3, IBR, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella multocida A, Histophilus somni

Pathologies related with Histophilus somni in cattle

Bronchopneumonia in a sheep. The disease is called Enzootic Pneumonia. The most commonly involved organisma are: PI3, Adenovirus, Mycoplasma, Pasteurella multocida A

Bronquiectasia, la secuela ms comn en casos de Bronconeumona Supurativa

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Anthony W. Confer, DVM, MS, PhD Diplomate ACVP Regents Professor & Endowed Chair Dept. Veterinary Pathobiology Oklahoma State University

El Sndrome de Neumona Crnica y Poliartritis (CPPS en ingls)

Bronchopneumonia in a pig. The disease is called Enzootic Pneumonia. The most commonly involved organisma are: Influenza, (PRRS, Circovirus), Mycoplasma, Pasteurella multocida A

Anthony W. Confer, DVM, MS, PhD Diplomate ACVP Regents Professor & Endowed Chair Dept. Veterinary Pathobiology Oklahoma State University

Anthony W. Confer, DVM, MS, PhD Diplomate ACVP Regents Professor & Endowed Chair Dept. Veterinary Pathobiology Oklahoma State University

Pasteurelosis, Fiebre de Embarque, Mannheimiosis, Septicemia Hemorrgica

Mannheimiosis (BRDC): El mejor ejemplo de Bronconeumona Fibrinosa

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Caractersticas Comnes entre la Bronconeumona Supurativa y la Bronconeumona Fibrinosa

Bronconeumona Supurativa
Color Gris

Bronconeumona Fibrinosa
Rojo, Negruzco

Textura
Exudado Distribucin

Firme (Consolidado; Hepatizacin Gris)

Pus (Supurativo) en interior de bronquios Craneoventral VA AERGENA

Firme (Consolidado; Hepatizacin Roja)

Fibrina en la superficie pleural Craneoventral VA AERGENA

Extensin
Curso

Variable; casos graves 40-50%

Subagudo a crnico

Casi siempre extensa >50%

Agudo a subagudo
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Da 1

Da 1

Da 15

Da 15

Da 15

Da 45

Da 45

Da 45

Da 45

Fibrosis Perilobulillar, Pleuritis Fibrosa y Adhesiones Pleurales, las secuelas ms comnes en casos de Bronconeumona Fibrinosa

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Ejemplos Representativos

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Bovino, 14 meses. Animal retrasado en el corral de enfermos que muri de neumona crnica severa

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Fibrinous Bronchopnemonia Pigs. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Interstitial pneumonia Cattle; also called Atypical

Cattle Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia is an archaic term that must be abandoned. What use to be atypical is now typical. The so-called "atypical interstitial pneumonia" of cattle comprises several distinct conditions characterized grossly by diffuse interstitial pneumonia:

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis or farmer's lung) is caused by inhalation of fungal spores (Micropolyspora faeni) from moldy hay ~> Ab response ~> deposition of Ag/Ab complexes in the blood air barrier ~> C'/PMN mediated injury to pneumocytes type-I ~> interstitial pneumonia. It is most commonly seen in cattle fed silage.

Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema (BPEE; fog fever). Ingestion of pasture (foggage) containing large amounts of L-tryptophan metabolized 3-methylindole (3-MI) ~> toxic injury to pneumocytes type 1 ~> interstitial pneumonia with severe edema and emphysema . BPEE is most commonly seen in grazing cattle.

Reinfection syndrome. It is a hypersensitivity reaction to reinfection with larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus. Pathogenesis of the lesions similar to extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Most commonly seen in calves recently moved to pasture.

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus. It has only been recently described. It is an acute fatal pneumonitis in feedlot cattle due to BRSV and presumably to hypersensitivity reaction against this virus. A similar condition occurs in children with the human strain of RSV. Other respiratory syndromes with interstitial pneumonia. Milk allergy (type I hypersensitivity in dairy cows), pit (manure) gases (H2S); sepsis (endotoxemia), etc.

 Interstitial Pneumonia is rarely suspected by clinicians Interstitial pneumonia is the most difficult type of pneumonia to diagnose during a postmortem examination It has the lowest success rate for etiological diagnosis Most commonly associated to viral infections (IBR, BRSV, PI-3). Why? Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) should be suspected when there is microscopic evidence of diffuse alveolar damage and hyaline membranes in alveoli Sepsis, particularly in young calves, is often associated but not suspected with Interstitial Pneumonia

Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema

What is fog fever? First, it has nothing to do with foggy weather and the cattle do not usually run a fever. It is an acute (rapidly developing) respiratory disease of cattle. It is sometimes called Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema (ABPEE; fog fever). It occurs when hungry, adult cattle have been on dry feed, usually in the foothills or desert range, and are suddenly moved to green pasture that is rapidly growing and lush.

BRSV Pneumonia

Maedi (Visna) in sheep, caused by a retrovirus (lentivirus). A similar disease in North America, Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP) is caused by a similar virus. Furthermore, in goats a related virus causes Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis which also provokes lung lesions

Embolic Pneumonia, cattle

Embolic Pneumonia, cattle

El Complejo Rumenitis-Abscesos HepticosTrombosis de Vena Cava: El mejor ejemplo de Neumona Emblica

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El Complejo Rumenitis-Abscesos HepticosTrombosis de Vena Cava: El mejor ejemplo de Neumona Emblica

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El Complejo Rumenitis-Abscesos HepticosTrombosis de Vena Cava: El mejor ejemplo de Neumona Emblica

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GRANULOMATOUS

PNEUMONIA

Mycobacterium bovis

Rhodococcus equi

Clasificacin de Neumonas: Clasificacin Anatomopatolgica

Bronconeumona Supurativa Bronconeumona Fibrinosa

Neumona Intersticial Neumona Granulomatosa

Neumona Emblica

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Clasificacin de Neumonas: La Lesin Histopatolgica

Bronconeumona
Exudativa Intersticial Exudativa Aguda

Linfoproliferativa
Proliferativa Epitelializante Neumona

Bronconeumona
Alveolitis Linfoide Fibrosante

Exudativa Crnica
Proliferativa
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Protostrongylus rufescens, goat

Dictyocaulus spp, deer

Dictyocaulus viviparus, calf

Hydatidic cysts sheep (and Sarcocystis in esophagus)

Sheep. Endemic nasal adenoma/adenocarcinoma are true neoplasms that vary in biologic behavior from benign (-oma) to malignant (-carcinoma). Many, if not most, are believed to represent a virus-induced neoplasm (retroviruses). This is based on their apparent transmissibility to other animals and viral particles consistent with retroviruses have been observed by electron microscopy.

Contagious Lung Neoplasm Jaagsiekte, Pulmonary Adenomatosis in sheep, caused by a retrovirus (oncovirus)

Jaagsiekte, Pulmonary Adenomatosis in sheep, caused by a retrovirus (oncovirus)