ARIF AZIZ B.Sc. Engg (Mech), BUET.

TO GIVE YOU A BASIC IDEA ABOUT AIRCRAFT AND HOW IT FLIES

DEFINATION OF AIRCRAFT
A HEAVIER THAN AIR FLYING MACHINE, SUPPPORTED BY AEROFOILS, DESIGNED TO OBTAIN , WHEN DRIVEN THROUGH THE AIR AT AN ANGLE INCLINED TO THE DIRECTION OF MOTION, A REACTION FROM THE AIR APPROXIMATELY AT RIGHT ANGLES TO THEIR SURFACES

DIFFERENT PARTS IN ISOMETRIC VIEW

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

FIRST AIRCRAFT OF THE WORLD

AIR SHIP

AEROPLANE

LAND PLANE
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AEROPLANE

AMPHIBIAN

SEA-PLANE (FLOAT PLANE)

NON POWER DRIVEN

GLIDER

KITES
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ROTORCRAFT

HELICOPTER

HELICOPTER
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THEOREM

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EQUATION OF CONTINUITY
MASS FLOW RATE ALONG A STREAM FILAMENT IS CONSTANT. 1V1A1=2V2A2 IE VA=CONST, ALONG A STREAM LINE.
STREAM LINE. A STREAM LINE IS AN IMAGINARY LINE DRAWN IN THE FIELD OF FLOW SUCH THAT THE VELOCITY VECTOR AT ANY POINT ON THE LINE IS ALWAYS TANGENTIAL TO THE LINE.
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VENTURI TUBE
VENTURY EFFECT

P1A1V1=P2A2V2
P1=P2A2V2/V1A1 P2=P1V1A1/V2A2
POINT

POINT

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HOW LIFT IS PRODUCED?

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PRINCIPLE OF FLIGHT

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FORCES ACT ON AIRCRAFT

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UNBALANCED FORCES

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FLIGHT CONTROLS

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS
PRIMARY CONTROL SURFACES. AILERON. ELEVATOR. RUDDER.

SECONDARY CONTROL SURFACES.

SLAT (AUXILIARY AEROFOIL).

FLAP. AIR BRAKE.
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FUNDAMENTAL FLIGHT CONTROL

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS
AN AIRCRAFT HAS THREE AXIS ; LONGITUDINAL, LATERAL AND NORMAL AXIS. THREE SEPARATE MOVEMENTS ARE PERFORMED WITH THE HELP OF THREE CONTROL SURFACES ABOUT THESE THREE AXIS. A. ELEVATOR LATERAL AXIS). FOR CONTROL CONTROL IN IN PITCH ROLL (ABOUT (ABOUT

B. AILERONS FOR LONGITUDINAL AXIS).

C.RUDDER FOR CONTROL IN YAW (ABOUT NORMAL AXIS).

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AIRCRAFT CONTROLS

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TAKE OFF

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SEGMENTS OF TAKE OFF

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TAKE OFF

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HIGH SPEED FLIGHT

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MACH NUMBER (M). IT IS DEFINED AS THE RATIO OF THE FLUID VELOCITY TO THE SPEED OF SOUND. M=V/A. ML<0.7 0.7 < ML <1.3 1.3 < ML < 5 ML > 5 SUBSONIC TRANSONIC SUPERSONIC HYPERSONIC

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WAVE PROPAGATION

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WAVE PROPAGATION

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WAVE PROPAGATION

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SONIC BOOM

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SONIC BOOM

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SHOCK WAVE

Normal Shock Wave Oblique Shock Wave Expansion Waves

: High Subsonic Flight : Transonic & Supersonic Flight : Supersonic Flight

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

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GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

A TYPICAL GPS RECEIVER CALCULATES ITS POSITION USING THE SIGNALS FROM FOUR OR MORE GPS SATELLITES. FOUR SATELLITES ARE NEEDED SINCE THE PROCESS NEEDS A VERY ACCURATE LOCAL TIME, MORE ACCURATE THAN A CLOCK CAN PROVIDE, SO THE RECEIVER INTERNALLY SOLVES FOR TIME AS WELL AS POSITION.
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Worldwide radio-navigation system

Calculate positions in latitude - longitude coordinates (x,y,z 3D format)

Advantages of satellite based system Coverage Independence from weather Highly accurate time and positional data Unlimited users
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6 Orbital Planes
600 apart each in longitude 550 inclined to the equator

3 satellites each orbit

1200 apart

18 are Primary Satellite

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3 satellite are spare on orbit 24 Satellites

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 Satellites circle the earth twice a day 3D coordinate (x,y,z) information

Triangulation method.
World Geodetic System - WGS84. Three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude & longitude)

X,Y,Z

Z
3 Dimensional Coordinate

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Four or more satellites to calculate 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude) 42

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Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Altitude

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BLACK BOX
USED TO RECORD AIRCRAFT

SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

USED

AS AN INVESTIGATING MISHAPS

AID IN AIRCRAFT

USUALLY PAINTED BRIGHT

ORANGE AND GENERALLY LOCATED IN THE TAIL SECTION OF THE AIRCRAFT.

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EJECTION SYSTEM

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EJECTION

MB EJECTION SEAT 99.98% RELIABLE MIN HEIRH: 0 ft MAX HEIGHT: 50000 ft MIN SPEED: 0 kph

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EJECTION

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MISSILES & ROCKETS

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MISSILES AND ROCKETS

RECEIVE AND MODULATE THE IR RADIATION ENERGY FROM THE TARGET, MEASURING THE TARGET POSITION INFORMATION AND TRANSFORM IT TO AN ELECTRICAL SIGNAL SEARCH AND TRACK THE TARGET

CO-ORDINATE REFERENCE SIGNAL AND OFF-BORESIGHT ANGLE SIGNAL

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ESCAPING FROM MISSILE ATTACK

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STEATH TECHNOLOGY

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STEATH TECHNOLOGY

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HOW TO ACHIVE
REFLECT THE RUDDER SIGNAL IN DIFFERENT

DIRECTION
USING SPECIAL PAINT WHICH ABSORB RUDDER

SIGNAL

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OBJECTIVE OF STEATH TECHNOLOGY

TO AVOID ENEMY RADAR TO ATTACK ENEMY WITHOUT GIVING

REACTON TIME TO CREATE SURPRISE FOR THE ENEMY TO ACQUIRE PINPOINT ACCURACY

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APPLICATION OF RADAR BEAM ON A STEALTH SHAPED OBJECT

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LANDING

LANDING SPEED:280-300 kph

MAX LANDING SPEED:360 kph

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LANDING

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QUESTIONS & ANSWER

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THANK YOU

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