Sound Management practice depends upon certain patterns that can be identified and analysed.

Managers can be made (not borne),by imparting management skill through specific principles (14 principles ).

1. Authority. 2. Discipline. 3. Unity of direction. 4. Unity of command. 5. Subordination of individual (general interest). 6. Division of labour/Specialization. 7. Remuneration. 8. Centralization. 9. Hierarchy (Scalar Chain/Line of Authority). 10. Order. 11. Equity. 12. Stability of tenure of personnel. 13. Initiative. 14. Team spirits (esprit de corps ).

1.

Authority:The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced responsibility for its function. Authority can be formal or personal. Formal authority is derived from ones official position & personal authority is derived from factors like intelligence and experience.

2. Discipline:Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees will only obey orders if management play their part by providing good leadership.

3. Unity of Direction:People engaged in the same kind of activities must have the same objectives in a single plan. Unity of command does not exist without unity of direction. In short, individual, departmental and organizational goals should be intermeshed.

4. Unity of Command:Each worker should have only one boss with no other conflicting lines of command.

5. Subordination of individual:The interests of employees should not take precedence over the interests of the organization as whole. 6. Division of Work:Specialization allows the individual to build up experience, and to continuously improve his skills. Thereby he can be more productive.

7. Remuneration:The compensation (salary) paid to employees should be fair & based on productivity of employees and other factors. 8. Centralization:This is a matter of degree depending on the condition of the business and the quality of its personnel. Manager should retain final responsibility, but should give subordinates enough authority to do their jobs properly.

9. Scalar chain:A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. But lateral communication is also fundamental, as long as superiors know that such communication is taking place. Scalar chain refers to the number of levels in the hierarchy from the ultimate authority to the lowest level in the organization. It should not be over-stretched and consist of too-many levels.

10. Order:Everybody & everything should be in right place at the right time. People should be in the jobs or positions they are most suited to.
11. Equity:In running a business a combination of kindness and justice is needed. Treating employees well is important to achieve equity.

12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel:Employees work better if job security and career progress are assured to them. An insecure tenure and a high rate of employee turnover will affect the organization. 13. Initiative:Allowing all employees to show their initiative in some way is a source of strength for the organization that is freedom to conceive and execute a plan.

14. Esprit de Corps:This means a sense of union. Management must inculcate a team spirit in its employees.