Made By: Himani Badsara X D

Georg Simon Ohm

Georg Simon Ohm (1789 1854) was a German physicist. As a high school teacher, Ohm began his research with electrochemical cell, invented by Italian Count Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his own creation, Ohm determined that there is a direct proportionality between the potential difference (voltage) applied across a conductor

Measurable quantities That can Be obtained From electric Current

1.Voltage 2.Electric Current 3.RESISTANCE

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL: VOLTAGE (V)

A volt is a measure of electrical pressure and is named after the Italian scientists Alessandro Volta. The energy each electron has is called the electric potential. Electric potential is commonly referred to as voltage. A Voltmeter is used to measure voltage. It is always connected in parallel. The symbol for this unit is V.

An actual voltmeter is shown in the picture.

CURRENT (I)
Electric current is the quantity of electricity going by a point in a circuit. Electric current is expressed by the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time. Current (I) is measured with an ammeter. It is always connected in series. The unit used to measure electric current is the ampere, which is named after the French physicist A.M Ampere. The picture shows the ammeter.

RESISTANCE (R)
The molecules of all types of conductors impede, or resist, the flow of electrons to some extent.

This ability to impede the flow of electrons in conductors is called electrical resistance (R).

The resistance to the passage of electric current is measured with the ohmmeter.

The unit is the ohm, named after the German scientist George Ohm

INSULATORS oppose the flow of electric current and have a high resistance.

CONDUCTORS have a low resistance.

Factors that affect the resistance of wires:

The thickness of wires R 1/A The length of wire R l The material of wire The temperature of the wire

Ohms Law
The potential difference, V, across the ends of

a given metallic wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided its temperature remains the same. This is called Ohms Law. In other words

VI
or V = constant I or V = IR S.I. Units of V, I and R Voltage or potential difference (V) = Volt (V) Current (I) = Ampere (A) Resistance (R) = Ohm ()

OHMS LAW (2)

Current is directly proportional to voltage, therefore, increasing () the voltage increases () the current. The current is inversely proportional to resistance; therefore, as resistance increases (), current decreases ().

Voltage vs. Current for a Constant Resistance

V O L T A G E (volts)

The slope of the Line gives the resistance

v R = v /I or rearranged v = I x R Current (I) in amps I

Plotting Ohms Law

Plotting Ohms Law (2)

Ohms Law Memory Aid

To calculate one unit of electricity when the other two are known, simply use your finger and cover the unit you do not know. For example, if both voltage (V) and resistance (R) are known, cover the letter/(amperes). Notice that the letter V is above the letter R, so divide the resistors value into the voltage to determine the

Review of I, V and R

Current (I):Electric current is expressed by

the amount of charge flowing through a particular area in unit time.

Potential Difference[voltage](V):.
For flow of charges in a conducting metallic wire electrons move only if there is a difference of electric pressure called the potential difference along the conductor.

Resistance(R): It is a constant for the

given metallic wire at a given temperature.

Thank
You..