Equivalent Circuit for Single-Phase Induction Motors

By AVINASH AILE N C (1MS12ECD004)

Equivalent Circuit
An arrangement of simple electrical components that is electrically equivalent to a complex circuit and is used to simplify circuit analysis The characteristics of an induction motor, the speed, current, starting torque, maximum torque, the motor losses and efficiency can all be determined from an analysis of the equivalent circuit

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR Consider single-phase induction

motor consisting of two 3-phase stators and two cager rotor as shown in fig The rotor are mechanically coupled by a common shaft Both the stator winding are connected is series so that the same current is flowing in the winding The direction of currents in 3-phase stator windings, the field are rotating in opposite direction
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EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT (CONTD)

Fig Single-phase induction motor equivalent to two three-phase motors

So that, one stator winding produces forward rotating field, whereas the
other produces backward rotating filed as shown in fig a At standstill, the forward and backward rotating flux waves are equal and the resulting torque is zero when the rotor is stationary, the behavior of the single phase motor is shown in fig b

Equivalent circuit (contd)

In the equivalent circuit, is the stator leakage impendence is the standstill rotor leakage impedance referred to stator and Xm is the magnetizing reactance. The core loss is omitted and would be considered along with friction and windage loss. E is counter-emf induced in the main stator winding by the stationary, pulsating flux ware produced by the combined action of both stator and rotor mmfs

Fig Single-phase induction motor equivalent at standstill

Equivalent circuit (contd)

From the double revolving filed theory at standstill, both the forward and backward rotating flux waves are equal to half the amplitude of the stationary, pulsating air-gap flux wave If the forward rotating flux wave were only present then the equivalent circuit of Fig a is obtained with the rotor stationary

Fig Single-phase induction motor equivalent at standstill

when only backward rotating flux present, the equivalent circuit of Fig b

Equivalent circuit (contd)

According to double revolving field theory both the forward and backward rotating flux waves at standstill have their amplitudes equal to half the amplitude of the pulsating filed. When viewed from the stator, the effect of equal forward and backward rotating flux waves at standstill can be represented by an impedance in parallel with as shown in fig a The stator constants are also halved because each stator carries turns. Both the forward and waves and rotating flux waves and rotors 1 and 2 are present, and at the same time, the two stators are in series, the equivalent can be connected in series as shown in fig b
Fig Single-phase induction motor equivalent at standstill
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Equivalent circuit (contd)

From the equivalent circuit a small values of slips, is much larger than For small values of slips, the forward-field impedance is higher than the backward-field impendence The increases of and decreases of at small value of slips at standstill The forward flux wave proportional to decreases as the rotor speed increases and it can be expressed as

Equivalent circuit (contd)

Merit
It is helpful for the determination of stator current, motor output, operating power factor etc

Demerit
It cant be used for computing the starting torque of the motor

Developed Power And Torque In Singlephase Induction Motor

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Thank You

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