LAB 6

MITOSIS
&
MEIOSIS
6
A B
L
MITOSIS
MITOSIS
 WHAT IS MITOSIS?

•A Process in which a parent nucleus

produces 2 daughter nuclei
• Each having the same number and
kinds of chromosomes as the parent
nucleus.
MITOSIS PERMITS GROWTH & TISSUE REPAIR.
MITOSIS REPAIRS DAMAGED TISSUE AND BONE.
CELL CYCLE
 Mitosis
Cell cycle checkpoint
checkpoint Interphase
Apoptosis occur
Apoptosis if DNA damaged
S
occur if DNA G Growth DNA and cannot be
is damaged 1
replications
repaired.Mitosis
and cannot occur if DNA
G2
be repaired G1 Growth and final replicate
Growth preparations for
division
properly

se
is
se

ha
es
a

as e
ph
G
ase
ki n

p
e

eta
o
Pr

Anaphas
to
oph

Metaph
2
Cy

om
Tel

Pr
Mitosis

M
Spindle assembly checkpoint
if chromosome is not aligned
properly mitosis will not occur
MITOTIC STAGES
 PROPHASE

• The chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes.

• Nucleolus disappears
• The nuclear envelope breaks down
• Spindles form at opposite "poles" of the cell.
 METAPHASE

• The duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the

metaphase plate.
• Kinetochore spindle fiber attach to sister chromatids
 ANAPHASE

• The sister chromatids part and become daughter

chromosomes that move to opposite ends of the cell.
 TELOPHASE

• Nuclear envelopes and nucleolus reappear.

•Daughter cells form
•Chromosomes become indistinct chromatin.
• Cytokines has started between the two groups of chromosomes
 CYTOKINESIS
(Division of the cytoplasm)
 IN ANIMAL CELLS

• Cleavage furrowing process occurs.

• A band of actin filaments slowly forms a circular contraction
between the 2 daughter cells
 IN PLANTS CELLS

• Formation of new cell plate between the daughter cells, which eventually
becomes new plasma membrane between the daughter cells.
The word "meiosis"
comes from the Greek
verb meioun, meaning
"to make small,"

A process of
reductional division in
which the number of
chromosomes per cell is
cut in half.
 Prophase I takes the most time.
Chromosomes begin to condense.
Cell is 2N (diploid) and 2
chromatids/chromosomes (like before
mitosis).
Synapsis occurs: homologous
chromosomes pair, their DNA aligns.
Crossing over may occur:
chromosomes exchange homologous
loci (between homologous pairs). The
point of crossing over is called the
chiasma.
Homologous chromosomes
align at cell equator to
form tetrads.
Chromosomes are pulled to
either side of the dividing
cell; one of each pair is pulled
toward each pole.
The nuclear envelope
may form again.
Two daughter cells are formed.
Nuclear envelope
disperses
Chromosomes align between poles
Chromatids segregate.
The former sister chromatids
have reached the poles. A
 
nuclear envelop is formed
around each nucleus, while
chromosome despiralize
again.
After cytokinesis, four
daughter cells are formed.
 
 Comparing Meiosis and
Mitosis
Chromosome behavior
•Mitosis: Homologous chromosomes
independent
•Meiosis: Homologous chromosomes pair
forming bivalents until anaphase I

Chromosome number
•Mitosis- daughter cells diploid
•Meiosis- daughter cells haploid

Genetic identity of progeny: