By: Louisa Marie M.

Miranda BSN

 Define as all of the physical components of the machine

itself. Basic hardware include:

Electronic circuits Microchips Processors Motherboard itself inside the computer housing

 Motherboard
is the computer's main circuit board.
It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, memory, connectors for

the hard drive and optical drives, expansion cards to control the video and audio, as well as connections to your computer's ports (such as the USB ports). The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer. Made of a dielectric or non conducting plastic material

 the brain of the computer.

Carries out the machine language functions called fetch,

execute, decode and store.

 Two types:
Read Only Memory (ROM) is a form of permanent storage. This means that data and programs in ROM can only be read by computer and cannot be erased or altered

 RAM is your system's short-term memory.

Whenever your computer performs calculations, it

temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it is needed. RAM is measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB).

 Allow the computer to receive information from the

outside world. Ex: Keyboard, mouse, touch screen(input and output), light pen, voice and scanner

 Allow the computer to report its result to the external

world. It can be in the form of text, data files, sound, graphics, or signals to other devices. The two most obvious output devices are the monitor (display screen) and printer.

 Include the main memory but also external devices on

which programs and data are stored. The most common storage devices include the hard drive, diskettes and CD-ROMs

 Peripheral that has very high speed and high density. It is a very fast means of storing and retrieving data as

well as having a large storage capacity in comparison with the other types of storage.

 Diskette drive allows input and output from a diskette,

which is a round magnetic disk encased in a flexible or rigid case. It allows the user to transport data or programs from one computer site to another.

 Rigid disk that holds a much higher density of information

than a diskette and has a much higher speed.

 As a demand for higher and higher density transportable

storage rise, the popularity of the USB disk has also risen. A USB disk is actually a form of a small removable hard drive that is inserted into the USB port of the computer.

 Analog Computer
Operates on continuous physical or electrical magnitudes,

measuring ongoing continuous analog quantities such as voltage, current, temperature and pressure

 Digital Computer
Operate on discrete discontinuous numerical digits using

the binary numbering system.

 Hybrid
As it names implies, contains features of both the analog

and the digital computer.

 Supercomputer
First supercomputer was developed by a computer engineer

named Seymour Cray (The Franklin Institute, 1999) The largest type of computer. Computational-oriented computer specially designed for scientific applications requiring gigantic amounts of calculation.

 Mainframes
The fastest, largest and most expensive typed of computer

used in corporate America for processing, storing and retrieving data. A large multiuser central computer that meets the computing needs especially the large amount of repetitive calculations of bills, payroll and etc.

 Microcomputers (personal Computers or PCs)

 Keyboard
Input device - choose letters, symbols, and actions by

pressing keys

 An output display device (looks similar to a TV) in a

computer system. You see information on the monitor's screen. Screen

The viewing area on a monitor or the information or image

displayed.

 A hand-held input device you roll on your desk to point to

and select items on your screen. When you move the mouse, the mouse pointer on the screen moves in the same direction.

 Input device in which sound energy is changed into

electrical energy for the sending or recording sound (your voice).

 Input device that reads copy as an image and digitally

records the image

 A device that produces a paper copy of the information on

your screen. The printer on the left is an INK JET PRINTER, and the other is a LASER PRINTER.

 A device that allows computers to communicate with each

other over telephone lines (Internet). At school we do not use modems, we have a direct connection to the Internet called a T-1 line.

 Gen term applied to the instructions that direct the

computers hardware to perform work.

 Every functioning computer is a system; that is, it is a

complex entity, consisting of an organized set of interconnected components or factors that function together as a unit to accomplish results that one part alone could not.

End