Lopez, Marian

Manuson, Ludy
Melu, Anna Victoria
Modina, Jayson
Montenegro, Matilde Krisha
4DPharmacy
Tuberculosis or TB
 Infectious
bacterial disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis which most
commonly affects the lungs.

 Transmitted from person to person via

droplets from the throat and lungs
Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis (MDR TB)
 Form of drug-resistant TB in which TB
bacteria can no longer be killed by at
least two best antibiotics, isoniazid (INH)
and rifampicin (RIF).
 Requires up to 2years of multidrug
treatment.
Extensively Drug-Resistant
Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
 Less common form of multidrug-resistant
TB in which the TB bacteria have changed
enough to circumvent of the two best
antibiotics, isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin
(RIF), as well as most of the alternative
drugs used against MDR TB.
 Flouroquinolone
 Amikacin, kanamycin or capreomycin
 Needs up to two years of extensive drug
treatment and is the most challenging to
treat.
How do you get
tuberculosis?
What is TB infection?
 If you have breathed in the TB germ,
then you have been “infected”
 different from TB disease
 TB infection do not cause tissue
damage and do not have any symptoms
 If their immune systems are normal, only
1 out of 10 persons with TB infection will
later develop signs and symptoms of TB
disease.
How do you know if you
have TB infection?
 Ifyou have contact with someone
diagnosed to have active pulmonary TB,
you can be tested for TB infection.
 Tuberculin skin test using the Mantoux
method
 Skin tests using the multiple-prong or
prick devises are not recommended
Is TB infection
contagious?
 No,because the person with TB
infection does not have bacteria in his or
her lungs that can be coughed out into
the air and infect others.
Does TB infection have to
be treated?
 Not all persons with TB infection are
given treatment.
 They may also choose not to be treated
but they must be informed about the
symptoms of TB disease.
 Treat with TB-medication to eliminate
the changes of developing TB disease.
 Isoniazid or INH is used for the
medication. However, this can cause
liver toxicity.
What is TB disease?
 People with weakened immune systems( HIV disease, receiving
chemotherapy or children under 5 years of age) are at greater
risk for developing TB disease.

 When they breathe in TB bacteria, the bacteria settle in the

lungs and start growing.

 In these people TB disease may develop within days or weeks

after the infection. In some people, this may develop months or
years after the initial infection.

 When a person gets active TB, it means the TB bacteria are

multiplying and attacking the lung(s) or other parts of the body
such as lymph nodes, bones, kidney, brain, spine, and even the
skin. It moves through the blood to different parts of the body.
 Usually can be cured with prompt and appropriate treatment,k
but remains a major cause of death.
What are the symptoms of
TB disease?
 Cough that does not go away for 3
weeks
 Coughing up blood
 Prolonged fever
 Night or afternoon sweats
 Constant tiredness
 Loss of weight and loss of appetite
What are the tests for TB
disease?
1. Sputum examination for Acid-Fast
Bacilli (AFB smear)
2. Chest X-ray tests
3. TB culture of sputum or other specimen
Treatment
 Regular and complete intake of the
prescribed anti TB medications

 DirectlyObserved Treatment, Short-

course(DOTS)- for patients who
frequently stop taking their medications
before completing treatment
Treatment
 Isoniazid (INH), rifampicin and
pyrazinamide
 Given to new cases of TB for the first
two months. INH and rifmapicin are
continued for another four months.
 In the Philippines, it is prudent to treat
new cases with a fourth drug
(ethambutol or streptomycin) during the
first two months due to the high levels of
INH resistance in the country.
Treatment
 Successful treatment of TB depends on
close cooperation between patient and
healthcare provider. Treatment usually
combines several different antibiotic
drugs that are given for at least 6
months, sometimes for as long as 12
months.
Importance of Finishing the
TB medicine
 People who do not take all the required
medicines can become sick again and spread
TB to others. Additionally, when people do not
take all the prescribed medicines or skip
times when they are supposed to take them,
the TB bacteria evolve to outwit the TB
antibiotics. Soon those medicines no longer
work against the disease. If this happens, the
person now has drug-resistant TB.
TB Vaccine
 BCG (Bacille Calmette Guerin) vaccine-
made from a live weakened bacterium
related to Mtb
-prevents Mtb from spreading within the
body, thus preventing TB from developing.
-BCG has its drawbacks, however. It does
not protect adults very well against TB. In
addition, BCG may interfere with the TB
skin test, showing a positive skin test
reaction in people who have received the
vaccine.
Prevention
 Infected people will be given isoniazid
(INH) to prevent disease. This medicine is
given every day for 6-12 months.
 Hospitals and clinics take precautions to
prevent the spread of TB, which include
using ultraviolet light to sterilize the air,
special filters, and special respirators and
masks. In hospitals, people with TB are
isolated in special rooms with controlled
ventilation and airflow until they can no
longer spread TB bacteria.
 We chose this topic because it is
prevalent in the Philippines.