WILLY O.

GAPASIN, DBA

Research Design a framework or blueprint for conducting the business research project. It details the procedures necessary for obtaining the information needed to structure or solve research problems.

Historical Research Design - The purpose is to collect, verify, synthesize evidence to establish facts that defend or refute your hypothesis. It uses primary sources, secondary sources, and lots of qualitative data sources such as logs, diaries, official records, reports, etc. The limitation is that the sources must be both authentic and valid. Case and Field Research Design - Also called ethnographic research, it uses direct observation to give a complete snapshot of a case that is being studied. It is useful when not much is known about a phenomenon. Uses few subjects. Descriptive or Survey Research Design - It attempts to describe and explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon. Survey research design /survey methodology is one of the most popular for dissertation research. There are many advantages. Correlational or Prospective Research Design - It attempts to explore relationships to make predictions. It uses one set of subjects with two or more variables for each.
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Causal Comparative or Ex Post Facto Research Design - This research design attempts to explore cause and affect relationships where causes already exist and cannot be manipulated. It uses what already exists and looks backward to explain why. Developmental or Time Series Research Design - Data are collected at certain points in time going forward. There is an emphasis on time patterns and growth or change. Experimental Research Design - This design is most appropriate in controlled settings such as laboratories. The design assumes random assignment of subjects and random assignment to groups (E and C). It attempts to explore cause and affect relationships where causes can be manipulated to produce different kinds of effects. Because of the requirement of random assignment, this design can be difficult to execute in the real world (non laboratory) setting. Quasi Experimental Research Design - This research design approximates the experimental design but does not have a control group. There is more error possible in the results.

The researcher will utilize the normative descriptive research with survey instruments, interviews and documentary analysis as techniques to gather data. This type of research reveals and interprets what is, thus describing what is, supplies factual and practical information that can be used to evaluate condition. The selected respondents are the directors, personnel and parents of the day care centers in First District of Batangas: it supports the relevance and appropriateness of the above method to this study, which involves the description, recording and analysis of data on the prevailing perceptions of the selected respondents. The process involved descriptive statistics which techniques and numeric measures. Furthermore, the process of descriptive research went beyond mere gathering and tabulation of data, it also involves the elements and interpretation of the meaning or significance of what is to be described. Thus, description is often comparison and contrast involving measurement, classifications, interpretation and evaluation.

Population and Sample In a table, indicate the population and sample involved in the research study. Discuss the specific sampling technique used and justification on its used.

 Every

subset of a specified size n from the population has an equal chance of being selected

 The

population is divided into two or more groups called strata, according to some criterion, such as geographic location, grade level, age, or income, and subsamples are randomly selected from each strata.

 The

population is divided into subgroups (clusters) like families. A simple random sample is taken of the subgroups and then all members of the cluster selected are surveyed.

 Every

kth member ( for example: every 10th person) is selected from a list of all population members.

 Selection

of whichever individuals are easiest

to reach It is done at the convenience of the researcher

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need to lay down first the criteria or bases for selection. In the selection process, a prospective element of the sample must meet all the predefined criteria for selection.

 Very

similar to stratified random sampling. The difference is that in stratified, the stratum are chosen at random. In quota sampling, there is no specific procedure in selecting the elements in the sample.

 Where

the selection of the elements in the sample is within the sound judgment of the researcher. The selection of the elements in the sample may be based upon the expertise or experiences of the researcher.

Population and Sample The purposive sampling technique, a well accepted method for rigorous selection of respondents will utilize in this study. It is focused on the directors, personnel and parents who have operated day care centers in the First District of Batangas such as Balayan, Calaca, Calatagan, Lemery, Lian, Nasugbu Taal and Tuy. The respondents of the study were the directors and personnel and parents of the eight (8) day care centers.

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Table 1 Distribution of the Respondents

Municipality Balayan Calaca Calatagan Lemery Lian Nasugbu Taal Tuy Total No. Day Care Centers 50 43 27 48 20 46 44 24 302

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Instruments Describe the construction, validation, and administration of the research instrument/s such as tests, questionnaires, interview guides/schedules, apparatus, devices and laboratory equipment, etc.

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In gathering the data (i.e., facts and figures) badly needed in this study, the researcher made use of the following: 1. Documentary Analysis. Vital data and basic information, relevant to the study were gathered initially using documentary analysis. These data and information were used as the foundation or cornerstone in formulating the theoretical and conceptual framework including formulation of the research paradigm and basis for developing the survey questionnaire. 2. Survey Questionnaire. The researcher formulated / developed a researcher made questionnaire and mostly of the data gathered were retrieved applying the Likert Five-Point Scale. The survey questionnaire was validated in terms of content or substance by the adviser and experienced public school teachers and likewise the survey questionnaire was subjected to dry-run or pre-testing to validate or confirm its understandability and comprehensibility to the target respondents. 3. Observation. Through personal observation, the researcher had supplemented and enriched the data and information gathered through survey questionnaire following the popular byword to see is to believe. This type of data gathering technique can be sued to verify matters or cross-check pertinent facts and figures badly needed by the study in making analysis interpretation and ultimately in making concluding statements and recommendations.
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Procedure The step-by-step procedures followed in conducting the study should be enumerated and explained in complete detail. Identify time frame for the collection of data.

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Procedure
The research instruments will distribute a notice of the researchers intention and in various ways such as the personal approach and identifying the appropriate person who could help the researcher in the distribution and retrieval of the questionnaires. The following steps were undertaken: 1. The respondents were asked to answer the survey questionnaire.

2. The researchers contacted the respondents through handphone for validation if some questions were left unanswered.
3. The study were explained by giving the respondents the objectives of the research. 4. The researchers visited the selected BPOs and distributed the questionnaires and covering letter to the respondents are attached as Appendix B .

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The questionnaire consisted of two (2) parts: Part I - Demographic data sheet; and Part II Effectiveness of the Marketing Strategies

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Statistical Analysis of Data

Describe briefly how the data collected are to be statistically processed. List sequentially and provide the formula for the more sophisticated statistical tool used as well as citing the sources and identifying the subproblem to which it is used.

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Statistical Treatment of Data The data gathered were compiled, collated and summarized separately per group. The responses for each item were categorized based on the specific problems raised. The following were utilized in the treatment of the data:

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1. Frequency. It is actual response to a specific item/question in the questionnaire where the respondent ticks his choice. 2. Percentage. To determine the relations of a part to a whole.
Formula P = __f__ x 100 N Where : f = frequency N = Number of cases P = Percentage
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3. Weighted Mean. It is the sum of the item values \ divided by the total number of items. It is computed average and its magnitude is influenced by every one of the item values in the set, and used to describe as set of quantitative data provided the item values that constitute the set are considerably concentrated. It is computed by adding and dividing the sum by the total number of scores.

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Formula

WM = (w1f1 + w2f2+wnfn) N
:WM = f1 = w1 = f2 = w2 = N = weighted mean frequency of first cell weight of first cell frequency of second cell weight of second cell number of cases

Where

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4. Likert Scale. The data interpreted by using the Five (5) Likert Scale Method, as the criterion which serves as the basis for the interpretation of the data. The concept of the boundary of the numerals will be used as follows:
Scale 5 4 Range 5.00 4.20 4.19 3.40 Verbal Interpretation Highly Satisfied Nearly Highly Satisfied Symbol HS NHS

3 2
1

3.39 2.60 2.59 1.80

1.79 1.00

Satisfied Unsatisfied
Highly Not Satisfied

S US
HNS

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5. Ranking. This was used to determine the order of decreasing or increasing magnitude of variations. The largest frequency is ranked number 1, 2 and so on \ down to the last rank and number. 6. t-test. This was used to determine whether or not significant exist between the perceptions of the two groups of respondents. It was solved using formula:

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6. t-test. This was used to determine whether or not significant exist between the perceptions of the two groups of respondents. It was solved using formula:

where: x1 = mean of the first sample x2 = mean of the second sample 2 s1 = variance of the first sample 2 s2 = variance of the second sample

7. Correlation Ratio. This was used to determine the significant relationship between the level of satisfaction and work values of the two groups of respondents.

where: n = number of ordered pairs xi= value of independent t variable yi= value of dependent variable

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