GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

RATHEESH THAPASYA THRISSUR

GUIDANCE
Guidance is the personal help that is given by one person to another in developing life goals, in making adjustment and in solving problems that confront him in the attainment of goals - Jones

Characteristics of guidance
It is a form of assistance given by a matured and experienced person to less matured and inexperienced person. It involves the promotion of an individuals ability in self direction. It helps an individual to recognize and use his inner resources, to set goals, to make plans to workout his own problems of development.

 It is a organized program. It consists of specialized services testing, counselling, educational and vocational information, placement and follow up. It is a continuous and life long process

Need for guidance in schools

To help in the total development of the school. To enable the students to make proper choices at various stages of their educational career. To help students choose, prepare for, enter upon and progress in career.

 To help students make the best possible adjustments to the situations in the schools as well as in the home. To minimize the mismatching between education and employment and help in the efficient use of manpower. To check wastage and stagnation. To minimize the incidence of indiscipline.

Principles of guidance
Primary concern - dignity and worth of the individual. All round development of individual is taken into account should be continuous process of service to an individual from childhood based on individual difference. based on rigid code of ethics.

 must be an integral part of school organization. guidance and instructional objectives are complementary. Interdependent. should be flexible according to the needs of the individual and community. periodic evaluation or appraisal should be made of the guidance programme.

Types of guidance
1. Personal guidance Personal guidance assists the child to adjust well with physical and social environment and to solve all the emotional psychological problems. It makes the child socially well adjusted and emotionally balanced and helps all round development of his personality

2. Educational guidance It is the assistance given to pupils in their choices and adjustments with relation to school, curriculum, courses and school life. It is a process of rendering help to the students in their proper educational development and adjustment.

3. Vocational guidance It is a process of helping the individual to choose an occupation that fits him best. This involves a thorough understanding of the individuals general and special capacities interests and aptitudes as well as close familiarity with the world of work with respect to their nature and availability

Counselling
It is a scientific process of assistance extended by an expert in an individual situation to a needy person. Counselling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing the attitudes behavior.

 It is personal and dynamic relationship that exists between two individuals, a counsellor and a counsellee in order to deal with a problem of the latter with mutual consideration for each other.

Types of counselling
a. Directive counselling It is a counsellor centred where the counsellor direct the client to take steps in order to resolve his conflicts. It is based on the assumption that client cant solve his own problem for the lack of information and experience.

 The counsellor plays the major role in the counselling process. It is also known as prescriptive counselling or counsellor -centred. E G Willliamson is the exponent of this school.

b. Non Directive counselling In this process the client is the pivot or centre, playing the primary role. He actively participates in the process, gains insight in to his problems with the help of the counsellor. The counsellor leads the client to a point of self realization, self actualization and self help without telling him anything directly.

 Counsellors attitude is friendly, interested and receptive. The main function of counsellor is to create an atmosphere in which the client can work out his problems. It is also known as permissive counseling. In this type of counseling emotional elements rather than intellectual element are stressed.

c. Eclectic counseling It is a synthesis and combination of directive and non directive counseling. Here the counsellor is neither too active as in directive counseling nor passive as in non-directive counseling.

 It follows a middle path between these two extremes. He can start with the directive one but when the situation demands, the counsellor may switch over to the nondirective or vice versa

Importance of rapport in counselling

Rapport is a term used in clinical counselling and psychotheraphy. It refers to a relationship of confidence, trust and mutual appreciation between the counsellor and counselee in a counselling situation. Rapport is a unique bilateral relationship of mutual confidence and trust between the counsellor and the counselee to have a meaningful exchange of ideas in a personal situation. Establishment of rapport is essential for the successful counselling.

Techniques to increase the rapport.

Sympathy - counsellor express sympathy for the counselee. Homour - he attempts to ease tension in the mind of counselee with humorous remarks. Assurance and approval counsellor express his approval with something that the counselee has said or done. personal reference and non personal experiencecounsellor cites some his own experience and experience of other

Qualities of a good counsellor

Counsellor is considered as the nerve centre of the school guidance program.Success of counselling program depends on the personal qualities and competencies of the counsellor. Magnetic personality should have pleasing personality that attracts people.

 wide range of interest interested in various types of people, interested activities of children, working with people Personal adjustment should possess maturity, emotional stability, sense of worth, confidence, flexibility and adaptability. Should be well aware of his strength and limitations.

 Inter personal relationship should maintain a warm interpersonal relationship. Professional competence should be a competent person who knows his job well. leadership should have the ability to stimulate and lead others

 professional dedication vocational interests, professional attitude, sense of mission, loyalty and enthusiasm for the cause of education , dedication to service in student, strong sense of professional ethics, willingness to work beyond call of duty philosophy of life should have a wholesome philosophy of life, civic sense, acceptable value system, respect for personal autonomy and integrity of client.

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