S. P. Corder
2007 2 :
Errors in SLA
Standard works on the teaching of modern languages
dismissed learners errors as a matter of no particular importance, as possible annoying, distracting, but inevitable byproducts of the process of learning a language about which the teacher should make as little fuss as possible
Errors in SLA / 2
The application of linguistic and psychological theory to the study of language learning
added a new dimension to the discussion of errors: principled means for accounting for the errors interference (from the habits of the L1)
Errors in SLA /3
The major contribution of the linguist to language teaching?
intensive CA an inventory of the areas of difficulty which the learner would encounter: to direct the teachers attention to these areas
Teachers
have not always been impressed by this contribution from the linguist their practical experience has usually already shown them where these difficulties lie
Errors in SLA / 4
noted e.g. that many of the errors with which they were familiar were not predicted by the linguist anyway have been more concerned with how to deal with these areas of difficulty
Two Schools
School 1
errors: merely a sign of the present inadequacy of our teaching techniques if we were to achieve a perfect teaching method the errors would never be committed
School 2
errors will always occur in spite of our best efforts we should concentrate on techniques for dealing with errors after they have occurred
Two Schools / 2
Both schools are compatible wit the same theoretical standpoint about language and language learning
psychologically behaviorist & linguistically taxonomic audiolingual or fundamental skills method of language teaching
Errors reconsidered
Childrens incorrect utterances
important evidence concerning L1A processes
L2 learners errors
evidence of the built-in syllabus (a definite system of language at every point in the course development) of the L2 learners input offered by teachers (classroom syllabus) vs. intake by L2 learners
Errors reconsidered /2
Systematic vs. non-systematic errors
systematic errors = errors contribute to reconstruct the learners transitional competence non-systematic errors = mistakes: memory lapses, physical states (tiredness), psychological conditions (strong emotion) : performance limitations
A demonstration
A: Did Billy have his egg cut up for him at breakfast? B: Yes, I showeds him. A: You what? B: I showed him. A: You showed him? B: I seed him A: Ah, you saw him. B: Yes, I saw him
Conclusi on
In the light of the new hypotheses errors are best not regarded as the persistence of old habits, but rather as signs that the learner is investigating the systems of the new language.
Errors reconsidered /3
Errors are significant in 3 different ways
To the teacher: show how far towards the goal the learner has progressed and what remains for him to learn To the researcher: provide evidence of how language is learned, what strategies or procedures the learner is employing To the learner himself: a way the learner has of testing his hypotheses about the nature of the language he is learning