SUBDIVISI HEMATOLOGI
Contents
Allergy
Hypersensitivity
Allergy: IgE Mediated: Type I Immunopathogenesis Performed Mediators Food Hypersensitivity Laboratory Tests Prevention Treatment
Allergy
An allergy is a
immune reaction to something that does not affect most other people. Substances that often cause reactions are: Pollen Dust mites Mold spores Pet dander Food Insect stings Medicines
Allergy
Risk factor Host factors; heredity, gender, race, and age.
Environmental factor; infectious diseases during early childhood, environmental pollution, allergen levels and dietary changes.
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Allergy
Allergy
Non Ig E mediated
An allergen; an antigen that causes allergy. Either inhaled, ingested, .. Can be complete protein antigens (Pollen and animal dander) or low molecular weight proteins.
Atopy
Atopy is the genetic predisposition to make IgE antibodies in response to allergen exposure. Etiology is unknown but there is strong evidence for a complex of genes with a variable degree of expression encoding protein factors. Allergic rhinitis, allergic athma, atopic dermatitis are the most common manifestation of atopy. Allergic gastroenteropathy is rara. These manifestation may coexist in the same patients at different times. Atopy can be asymptomatic.
Proteins
Foreign
Foods
Nuts Seafood Eggs Peas, Milk
serum Vaccines Plant pollens Rye grass Ragweed Timothy grass Birch trees Drugs Penicillin Sulfonamides Local anethetics Salicylates
beans
Insect products
Bee
venom Wasp venom Ant venom Cockroach calyx Dust mites Mold spores Animal hair and dander
Mechanism
Immunopathogenesis
Both mast cells and basophils are involved in
immunopathogenesis of IgE mediated diseases. Mast cells and basophils have a high affinity IgE cell membrane receptors for IgE.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by IgE,
but T and B cells play important roles in the development of these antibodies
Mast Cell
Mast cell
Minutes
Classic Allergic Reaction Flushing Hypotension Increased mucus production Pruritus Smooth muscle contraction Vascular leakage
Hours
Late phase Reaction Eosinophil infiltration Neutrophil infiltration Fibrin deposition Mononuclear infiltration Tissue destruction
Disease
Asthma
Main symptoms
Wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea Runny nose, redness and itching of eyes Pruritic, vesicular lesions Pruritic, bullous lesions Vomiting diarrhea Shock, hypotension, wheezing
Typical allergens
Pollens, house dust, animal danders Pollens
Route of entery
Inhalation
Skin
Food Hypersensitivity
Source: http://www.allergycentre.com.my/index.html
Food Hypersensitivity
Source: http://www.allergycentre.com.my/index.html
Disease
Disease
Self
Foreign
Immunologic
Toxic
Autoimmunity
Toxicity
Laboratory Diagnosis
Skin Tests
IgE-Mediated Allergies
Blood Tests
Skin Tests
The cutaneous test
on the skin which is then pricked lightly with a needle point at the center of the drop. After 20 minutes the reaction is graded and recorded
Laboratory Tests
Penicillin is the only drug for which a standardized diagnostic allergen exists. While nonstandardized skin
Prevention
Treatment
antihistamines). Short half-lives. Limited use in the treatment of allergic symptoms. Still widely used, mainly as over-the-counter products, often in combination with other drugs
Other treatments
Nasal steroids must be given before season
relieve nasal blockade Antihistamines combined with anti-leukotriene drugs Avoidance -mattress covers, specialised Hoovers, wood floors,
Image Citation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Allergy_Pathway.jpg Wolfgang Ihloff. Allergy skin.30.1.2008. testing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Allergy_skin_testing.JPG Mast cell. Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mast_cells.jpg Wenliang Zhang. Universty of Geogorgia. Immunology. The immune system.. http://wenliang.myweb.uga.edu/mystudy/immunology/ScienceOfImmunology/Hypersen sitivitydiseases.html Dr. M. Yadav. Food Hypersensitivity. http://www.allergycentre.com.my/index.html