ADVANCED SURVEY TECHNIQUES

AJITESH GUPTA(101505) AKSHAY JAISWAL(101507)

C I V I L 3 RD Y E A R JUET
SUPERVISING FACULTY: DR. S. GANDHI

Surveying
Definition:

Surveying is the science and art of determining the relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the earths surface and locating the points in the field.

Why need Advanced surveying? Ans : To continue to reduce the time and cost required to perform a
survey while improving accuracy and completeness through automation, and technology.

GIS: a formal definition

3

A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analysing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth. This is normally considered to involve a spatially referenced computer database and appropriate applications software

What is GIS?
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a

computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information

A GIS can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer

GIS concepts are not new!

5

London cholera epidemic 1854

Soho

+ Cholera death
Water pump

Constituents of GIS

Geographic information systems

GIS Data Structures

Vector Made up of points, lines, and polygons

GIS Data Structures

Raster (Grids) Made up of pixels of computer screen

Software for GIS: The Main Players

ESRI, Inc., Redlands, CA clear market leader with about a third of the market originated commercial GIS with their ArcInfo product in 1981 privately owned by Jack Dangermond, a legend in the field Strong in gov., education, utilities and business logistics

MapInfo, Troy N.Y. Aggressive newcomer in early 1990s, but now well-established. Strong presence in business, especially site selection & marketing, and telecom Autodesk (San Rafael, CA) Began as PC-based CAD, but now the dominant CAD supplier First GIS product AutoCAD Map introduced in 1996 Primarily small business/small city customer base

The main two pure GIS companies.

The benefits of GIS include:

11

Better information management Higher quality analysis

Ability to carry out what if? scenarios

Improve project efficiency

Remote sensing system

The gathering of information from an object or surface

without direct contact.

Types
Passive Remote Sensing
Photography Radiometers Infrared

Active Remote Sensing

RADAR

LiDAR

Optical Remote System

Optical remote sensing makes use of visible, near infrared

and short-wave infrared sensors to form images of the earth's surface by detecting the solar radiation reflected from targets on the ground.

Panchromatic Imaging System

A single channel sensor is used to detect radiation If range of wavelength and the visible range become same

then the imagery will appear as a black and white photograph taken from space

RADAR System
Radio Detection And Ranging

Object detection system which uses electromagnetic

waves determine range, direction or speed

LiDAR System
Light Detection And Ranging Measures distance by sending pulses of laser light that

strike and reflect from the surface of earth.

Airport Surveying-GIS Program

AS EXAMPLE

What Is The Length Of This Runway?

How The Program Is Designed To Help

The Airport Surveying-GIS program provides a single portal for the collection and dissemination of standards based verified source data to support future design, mapping, surveying, and construction activities from a known good (independent verification and validation) and maintained data set.
Airports-GIS provides the foundation for connecting the airports, FAA, and other agencies A central database for storing survey, charting, analysis, and planning data

Examples of Applied GIS

Urban Planning, Management & Policy

Civil Engineering/Utility

Environmental Sciences

Zoning, subdivision planning Land acquisition Economic development Code enforcement Housing renovation programs Emergency response Crime analysis Tax assessment

Business

Locating underground facilities Designing alignment for freeways, transit Coordination of infrastructure maintenance Demographic Analysis Market Penetration/ Share Analysis Site Selection Attendance Area Maintenance Enrollment Projections School Bus Routing

Education Administration

Political Science

Monitoring environmental risk Modeling stormwater runoff Management of watersheds, floodplains, wetlands, forests, aquifers Environmental Impact Analysis Hazardous or toxic facility siting Groundwater modeling and contamination tracking Redistricting Analysis of election results Predictive modeling

Real Estate

Health Care

Neighborhood land prices Traffic Impact Analysis Determination of Highest and Best Use Epidemiology Needs Analysis Service Inventory

IN THE NEXT PRESENTATION..

MORE APPLICATIONS OF GIS

CASE STUDY- GIS IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
TOTAL STATION

REFERENCES
http://www.howstuffworks.com/radar.htm

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/

2e.html www.howstuffworks.com www.remotesearch.in http://www.tutavivito.com