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Positive Displacement Compressor
Positive Displacement Compressor
http://www.city-compressors.co.uk/
Centrifugal Compressors
Rotors
Stators
Jet
Engine
Design
Piston Compressor
Expander
Reverse of Compressor
Let flow produce shaft work
Types
Centrifugal
Positive Displacement
Piston
Lobed
Screw
Methods of Calculation in Simulators
Polytropic, PV
k-1/k
= constant,
Isentropic, s(T
1
,P
1
)=s(T
2,isentropic
,P
2
)
Theoretical Power
Power
isentropic
= f*(h
2,isentropic
-h
1
)
Efficiency
s
=Power
brake
/Power
isentropic
= (h
2
-h
1
) /(h
2,isentropic
-h
1
)
Cost
Size factor = Power
http://www.city-compressors.co.uk/
Fans and Blowers
Types
Centrifugal (10
3
-10
5
acfm, P=1-40 in H
2
O)
Backward Curved
Straight radial
Vane Axial
Tube Axial
Cost of Fans and Blowers
Size factor = Volumetric Flow Rate
Motor
Choice to Increase Pressure
Heuristic 34
Use a Fan
Atm to 1.47 psig
Use a Blower
< 30 psig
Compressor (or staged system)
> 30 psig
Heuristic 34 - Number of Stages
Up to a Compression ratio 4 for each stage
With intercooler between stages (P=2 psi)
Equal Hp for each stage (equal compression ratio)
Producing Vacuum
Steam Ejector
Producing Vacuum
Types
Ejector - advantage = large volumetric flow rate
Multi-Stage with interstage condensers
Liquid (Oil) Ring Vacuum Pump
Dry Vacuum Pump (rotary screw, lobe) (advantage =low
pressure) Designs similar to Expanders
Design for
Flow Rate at suction plus
Air Leakage Rate
Function of pressure and Volume of vessel
Cost
Size factor = Flow Rate at suction
Motor for pumps
Ejector
Produces Vacuum
Provides Low Pressures for
Distillation Columns
Fluid (P P
sat
)
Steam
for suction pressure below 100 mbar
absolute, more than one ejector will be
used, with condensors between the
ejector stages
Air
Water
Collects Particles in Gas Stream
Venturi Scrubber