Farmacologia Clnica
Princpios Gerais
Em uma anlise quantitativa de frmacos em
do detector e etc.
Aps a obteno do cromatograma, faz a integrao dos sinais, que tem por finalidade transformar a intensidade do sinal emitido pelo detector em uma medida relacionada com a quantidade da substncia analisada na amostra. A integrao dos sinais pode ser feita usando os seguintes mtodos:
A=axw
2
a = altura do pico
A rea tambm pode ser calculada utilizandose a largura na meia meia altura, isto , formando
A = a x wH
onde: W H = largura do pico na meia altura
a
2
WH
w
Mtodos para a integrao dos sinais fornecidos pelo registrador: 1. altura pelo pico 2. rea do pico 3. rea na meia altura
Com base nas medidas obtidas na integrao, estas podero ser relacionadas com a
composio da mistura.
presentes na amostra, necessrio corrigir esta equao usando o chamado fator de resposta que determinado como a porcentagem conhecida e observada exemplo: para cada composto. Assim por
fA = % A conhecida
% A observada
solues padro de concentraes conhecidas. Dessa relacionando forma as obtm-se reas um grfico, com as
obtidas
concentraes estabelecidas.
padres.
Calibration curve
1500
rea
1000
500
C (ng/mL)
Slope Y -intercept X-intercept 1/slope 95% Conf idence Intervals Slope Goodness of Fit r 0.9644 0.03746 -5.000 5.185 1.037 0.8727 to 1.056 0.9910
resultantes.
Normalmente,
uma
substncia
Calibration curve
1500
1000
500
C (ng/mL)
Slope Y-intercept X-intercept 1/slope 95% Confidence Intervals Slope Goodness of Fit r 0.9644 0.03746 -5.000 5.185 1.037 0.8727 to 1.056 0.9910
Extraction
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Sample
Vortex mixing
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Centrifugation
Step 7
Step 8
Step 9 N2
Separation phases
Step 10
Step 11
Step 12
Injection sample
Reconstituted sample
Brief mixing
System Chromatography: consisted of a LKB-Bromma 2150 HPLC, pump coupled to a VWM 2141 dual wavelenght UV detector (Pharmacia-LKB,Uppsala, Sweden). The output sinal was registered in a Nryans 28000 chart recorder ( Bryan Souththern Instruments, Kent, Great Britain)
sodium hidroxide.
Extraction Procedure
500 L calibretion point or serum sample + 580 ng Indometacina (I.S) + 200 L of 5% phosphoric acid Brief vortex mixing 4 mL Dicloromethane Vortex mixing 1 min Centrifuged 2000 rpm 10 min Phase organic washed with 200 L amonium acetate 1:20 in water Centrifuged 2000 rpm 2 min
Analytical Sample 20 L
System Chromatography: consisted of a Hewlett Packard HPLC, binary pump, autosampler injector, degasser, thermostat column, variable-wavelenght UV, coupled a The Quatro II (Micromass, Altringham, Cheshire UK equipped with a
electrospray source.
Extraction Procedure
200 L calibretion point or serum sample + 20 L Naftifine ( 1 g/mL methanol: water 50:50) Brief vortex mixing 4 mLDiethyl Ether:Hexane (80:20) Vortex mixing 1 min Centrifuged 2000 rpm 10 min Organic Phase 37 C under nitrogen stream
The residue 200 L of acetonitrile: water (80:20) containing 10 mmol/L formic acid
Analytical Sample 50 L
System Chromatography: consisted of a Hewlett Packard HPLC, binary pump, autosampler injector, degasser, thermostat column, variable-wavelenght UV, coupled a The Quatro II (Micromass, Altringham, Cheshire UK equipped with a electrospray source.
repectively. The cone voltage and collission energy were 30V and 20eV, respectively.
Extraction Procedure
200 L calibretion point or serum sample + 200 L of carbonatebicarbonate buffer containing metronidazole (I.S) 1 g/mL Brief vortex mixing 3 mL Diethyl ether/dicloromethane (70:30) Vortex mixing 5 min Centrifuged 2000 rpm 10 min Organic Phase 37 C under nitrogen stream
The residue
Acetonitrile:water (40:60) containing 5 mM acetic acid
Analytical Sample 10 L
Propanolol in Serum
HPLC Method
Column: Symmetric Shield RP8 3.9 x 150 mm, 5 m Guard Column: Sentry guard column, 3.9 x 20 mm, 5 m Mobile Phase: 20mM phosphate potassium, pH 7/methanol 39:62
Tetracyclines in Serum
HPLC Method
Sample: 1 mL spicked porcine serum / 2% phosphoric acid
Prepare Sample Mix 20L (H2 PO4) to 1mL serum Condition 1mL methanol Rinse 1mL water Load 1mL sample
Condition 1mL methanol/1ml water Load 1mL spicked porcine serum with 10g/mL sulfathiazole (I.S), 20 L phosphoric acid