Anda di halaman 1dari 25

ACOUSTICS

The Science of Sound

Imagine our world without sound.

Sound brings things to life.

WHAT THEN IS SOUND?

Sound Defined
All sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects.

It is a longitudinal wave that carries energy produced by vibrations of matter and is propagated through a medium such as solid, liquid or gas.

Not all sounds are audible


Audible range for humans is between 20

Hz to 20000 Hz

Lower than this range is classified as INFRASONIC Higher than this range is classified as ULTRASONIC

The reason for hearing

Some animals can detect ULTRASONIC frequencies

50,000 Hz

100,000 Hz

How about INFRASONICS?


Sources include earthquakes, thunder, volcanoes and waves produced by vibrating heavy machinery May pose damage to human body including irritation of internal organs

Sound is a pressure wave


Compression

Rarefaction

THE SPEED OF SOUND

Prelude
Sound is a mechanical wave.

Its propagation depends on the properties of a medium.

Can you hear me?

How about here?

Factors Affecting Sound Speed


Phase of the medium

Density and elasticity of the medium


Temperature

Phase of the Medium

Density and Elasticity of the Medium (Solid)


The denser and more elastic the medium, the faster the transmission of sound. v velocity of sound Y elastic modulus of the solid medium density of the solid medium

Sample Problem 1
Find the speed of sound in an aluminum rod at a temperature of 20C. The Youngs modulus for aluminum is 70 x 109 N/m2 and its density is 2.7 x 103 kg/m3.

Density and Elasticity of the Medium (Liquid)


The denser and more elastic the medium, the faster the transmission of sound. v velocity of sound B bulk modulus of the solid medium density of the liquid medium

Sample Problem 2
Find the speed of sound in water at a temperature of 20C. The bulk modulus of water is 2.2 x 109 N/m2 and its density is 1.0 x 103 kg/m3.

The Speed of Sound in Various Solid Media


Medium Aluminum Copper Iron Speed (m/s) 5100 3500 4500

Glass Polystyrene

5200 1850

The Speed of Sound in Various Liquid Media


Medium Alcohol Mercury Water Speed (m/s) 1125 1400 1500

Sound Speed in Air and Temperature


As temperature increases, sound speed in air increases at a definite rate.

Vsound = (Vsound at 0C + 0.6TC)m/s


Vsound at 0C = 331 m/s

Sample Problem 3
In the cold months of December and January, the temperature in Baguio can go down to 10C. What is the speed of sound in air?

Sample Problem 4
An automatic focus camera is able to focus on objects by use of an ultrasonic sound wave. The camera sends out sound waves that reflect off distant objects and return to the camera. A sensor detects the time it takes for the waves to return and then determines the distance an object is from the camera. If the temperature of the air is 20C and the infrasonic frequency returns to the camera 0.150 seconds after leaving the camera, how far away is the object?

Anda mungkin juga menyukai