Vibration Monitoring System

Introduction
Definition of Vibration Cause of Vibration Unbalance Misalignment Bent shaft Gears in machine Loose foundations Bearings Rubbing

Why to measure Vibrations?

High stresses and force levels may be set up as a result of vibrations and in extreme cases may lead to part failure Increased wear of parts and unsatisfactory equipment performance Parts may be inaccurately machined and subsequently rejected Noise may become excessive and thus working conditions may become unacceptable Vibration can cause dysfunction

Conditioning Monitoring Methods

Condition monitoring is based on being able to monitor the current condition and predict the future condition of machines while in operation The two main techniques for obtaining information about internal conditions are: Vibration Analysis. Lubricant Analysis.

Vibration Analysis
Many vibrations are directly linked to periodic events in the machines operation, such as rotating shafts, meshing gear teeth, rotating electric fields, and so on The frequency with which such events repeat often gives a direct indication of the source and thus many powerful diagnostic techniques are based on frequency analysis So, the vibrations are measured to condition the machine

Benefits of Vibration Monitoring

It reacts immediately to change and can therefore be used for permanent as well as intermittent monitoring Vibration analysis is more likely to point to the actual faulty component, as many bearings

Laser Vibrometers
Uses the laser Doppler effect More accurate than mechanical vibrometers No physical contact with machine Measurement of vibrations is continous Portable and easy to use

Objective of Project
To built the vibration monitoring instrument using optical equipment without the application of doppler effect The instrument uses the simultaneous generation and detection of optical diffraction interference pattern on a photo detector This system has reduced electronic components and easy to construct and has advantages of conventional laser vibrometers Our project focus on the design & construction of the instrument that holds the transmitter (laser) and receiver (photodiode) and data analyzing circuit to measure the vibrations

Applications of Project
Building and Structural Monitoring Medical Applications Image Stabilization Orientation Sensing Navigation Acoustics

Concepts of optics used

Fresnel Diffraction

EAVES Dropping
Eaves dropping device disclosed herein comprises of a continuous wave coherent collimated beam of light(or a laser) falling on an optically reflected coating on the surface of the body with inherent vibrations, or with manifest vibrations induced from another source through any medium where the said light is reflected, and then received on the surface of a photo detector in such a way that received light falls partially on the active sensing area(annular ring surrounding the perimeter of the active sensing area) of the said photo detector

EAVES Dropping (contd.)

The spatial intensity pattern produced on the photo detector due to the interference between the directly incident light and the optically diffracted light, changes, if the incident light emanating from the reflecting surface undergoes changes in its path length as a result of the vibrations felt on the reflecting surface. The photo detector records the precise time varying optical diffraction interference pattern, corresponding to the time varying vibrations experienced by the optical reflector.

EAVES Dropping (contd.)

EAVES Dropping (contd.)

Schematic illustration of the set up for demonstration of the efficiency of the new method being claimed for use an optical microphone (Source: US Patent No: US2010/0321698 A1)

Design Considerations
The main design considered that has to be taken account is holding both the transmitter (LASER) and receiver (photodiode), which are to be provided with the functional movements Main functional movements has to be achieved by the mechanism are longitudinal translation, vertical translation, rotation about vertical axis Longitudinal and vertical translations are achieved with the help of a screw and nut mechanism with a pitch of 1mm. Rotation about vertical is performed with the help of worm and worm wheel mechanism The drawings of the product are drawn using the CATIA V5 R18, and static analysis of the product by taking the forces on it

Parts of System
1. Base 2. Supporter 3. Supporting block 4. Supporting cylinder 5. Moving block 6. Rails 7. Screws 8. Worm mechanism

Design Iterations

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Iteration 3

Iteration 4

Base

Rails
Rails are the elements of the system which acts as the guides for the longitudinal movements of the transmitter and receiver. There are such two rails in this component. These rails have a diameter of 1cm and have length of 420mm.

Horizontal Screw
Horizontal screw serves the purpose of the longitudinal movement.

Vertical Screw

Vertical screw serves the purpose of the vertical movement.

Supporting Block

Moving Supporter

Moving Block

Supporting Cylinder

Moving Cylinder

Final Assembly

Product Planning
CPM CHART

Scheduled Times
Process
Concept Design and Drafting Analysis Selection of proper material Cutting of materials to get basic shapes Milling(End Milling) Grinding Polishing Drilling Boring Reaming(Finishing) Threading Turning Welding Chipping and Polishing Slotting knurling Finishing Fitting of Bearings Final Assembly Total Time

Optimistic time (hours)

4 8 3 1 12 8 6 9 8 6 3 3 6 5 2 6 3 14 2 9 118 = 20 days

Pessimistic Time (hours)

6 9 5 3 15 12 9 12 12 9 5 5 9 8 2 8 3 16 2 14 161 = 27 days

Fabrication
The product is manufactured on the CNC machine to have good finish and better precision

Fabrication

Material used
Aluminium
Advantages
Machinability Ductility Strength Corrosion resistant

Usage

Usage

Vibrations Monitoring