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  • Habitat 2108 Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions

    Diunggah oleh

    Janella De Guzman Tomelden
    46 tayangan16 halaman
    Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

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    Habitat 2108 Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions

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    Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    46 tayangan16 halaman

    Habitat 2108 Habitats, Niches, and Community Interactions

    Diunggah oleh

    Janella De Guzman Tomelden
    Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions Habitats and Niches Habitat: the area where an organism lives. Includes both the biotic & abiotic factors Niche: the full range of physical & biological conditions in which an organism lives & the way in which the organism uses those conditions

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai PPT, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 16

    Habitat & Niches

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Habitat
    Totality of environment factors in which a population or species regularly lives. Space and time
    Physical and biotic environment Vegetation
    Forest, meadow, pasture, coniferous forest, etc.

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Habitat
    Habitats may be subdivided into layers or zones
    Microhabitats
    Forest canopy: leaves, branches Shrub layer: leaves, branches, trunks Herb layer: leaves, stems, mosses, ferns Litter: dead fallen leaves, logs,
    Varies in depth, quality

    Soil: topsoil, subsoil


    24 June 2009 Habitat2108.ppt 3

    Niche
    Species/populations role in its community
    Dimensions of a niche:
    Habitat & microhabitat (Space occupied) Food spectrum, essential nutrients Reproductive requirements
    Nutrition, nest/den sites

    Seasonality: When are resources required, used.

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Niche
    Fundamental niche
    All resources that could be used in absence of competition.

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Niche
    Realized niche
    Resources actually used in presence of competitor.

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Niches
    Competitive exclusion
    When forced to compete, one species eliminates other(s)

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Niches
    Resource partitioning avoids competition; Realized niches divide resources (caterpillars) among several species of warblers. Each species evolved & adapted to specialized diet.
    24 June 2009 Habitat2108.ppt 8

    Niches
    Character displacement
    Species evolve to minimize competition Niche and morphologic overlap when allopatric Difference and specialization when sympatric

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    Keystone Species
    Species in a community with vital role in community organization. Analogy to arch

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    10

    Keystone Species
    Species in a community with vital role in community organization. Sea otter on North Americas Pacific Coast

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    11

    Keystone Species
    More examples:
    Sea stars on rocky shores Dominant plant species
    Lupines in mountain meadows

    Invasive species may prey on or parasitize keystone


    Human removal of sea otters, wolves, sharks

    Top carnivores
    Wolves in Yellowstone National park Sharks on coral reefs

    Out-compete keystone for space or resources

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    12

    Niches
    Invasive species may prey on or parasitize keystone
    Sea lamprey parasitizes large predatory fishes in Great Lakes.

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    13

    Niches
    Out-compete keystone for space or resources
    Imported fire ant Kudzu

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    14

    Niches
    Out-compete keystone for space or resources
    Purple loosestrife Zebra mussel

    24 June 2009

    Habitat2108.ppt

    15

    Invasive species:
    Kudzu Fire ant Zebra mussel Purple loosestrife Leafy spurge Asian long-horned beetle Emerald ash borer Japanese beetle
    24 June 2009 Habitat2108.ppt

    African honeybee Tiger mosquito Brown snake


    Guam

    European starling House sparrow More, & more, &


    16

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