Previous Casing
Open Hole
Collar Shoe
Previous Casing
Open Hole
Collar Shoe
Previous Casing
Open Hole
3 3
Collar Shoe
Cement Calculations
Volume of open hole below the casing shoe is
not calculated.
Cement circulates out of the shoe and up the
annulus.
Any cement displacing the mud below by gravity
is considered negligible.
Problem 1
Casing Shoe Collar Previous casing : Shoe Open hole : : : : 7 - 32 LB/Ft 4600 : 2670 8.5 4510 9 5/8 - 47 LB/Ft
Top of cement
6 Single Stage Cementing
1000
Solution
Capacities 1. Cas-Cas 2. Cas - OH 3. Cas Volumes
2670ft
2 4510ft 4600ft
3 3
Solution
Capacities 1. Cas-Cas 2. Cas - OH 3. Cas Volumes
2670ft
3 3
Solution
Capacities 1. Cas-Cas 2. Cas - OH 3. Cas Volumes
2670ft
Solution
Capacities 1. Cas-Cas 2. Cas - OH 3. Cas Volumes
2670ft
2. (4600ft - 2670ft) x 0.1268 cuft/ft = 244.7 cuft 3. (4600ft - 4510ft) x 0.2025 cuft/ft = 18.2 cuft
3 3 4510ft 4600ft
Solution
Capacities 1. Cas-Cas 2. Cas - OH 3. Cas Volumes
2670ft
2. (4600ft - 2670ft) x 0.1268 cuft/ft = 244.7 cuft 3. (4600ft - 4510ft) x 0.2025 cuft/ft = 18.2 cuft TOTAL VOLUME = 503.1 CUFT
11 Single Stage Cementing
3 3
4510ft 4600ft
Excess
Example: Problem 1
OH 50% Excess OH volume (2) of the previous problem:
244.7 cuft
Excess Volume:
122.35 cuft
Total OH Volume:
OR
13 Single Stage Cementing
367.05 cuft
YIELD
CEMENT
CEMENT
WATER
CEMENT
WATER
SLURRY
Note:
1 sack of cement of 94 lbs
= 1 cuft
= 0.66 cuft
Note:
1 sack of cement of 94 lbs
= 1 cuft
= 0.66 cuft
= 1.66 cuft
Note:
1 sack of cement of 94 lbs
= 1 cuft
= 0.66 cuft
1.15 cuft/sack
WHY ?
1 cuft + 0.66 cuft
= 1.66 cuft
Bulk vs Absolute
One drum full of dry cement (1 drum = 1 cuft)
Bulk vs Absolute
One drum full of dry cement (1 drum = 1 cuft)
Note
Yield varies with density Basically, when you change the density you alter the Water / Cement ratio ....this changes the yield Normally ........
23 Single Stage Cementing
cement [YIELD] produces at a certain weight, you can calculate the amount of sacks required when you know a volume.
cement [YIELD] produces at a certain weight, you can calculate the amount of sacks required when you know a volume.
VOLUME[cuft] = Sacks YIELD [cuft/sacks]
= 145.2
Use: Lead Slurry : 6% D20 at 13.9 ppg Tail Slurry Neat : 15.8 ppg Cement volume Lead: 240.2 cuft Cement volume Tail: sacks 1.655 cuft/sack
29 Single Stage Cementing
= 145.2
385.25 cuft
= 335.0
sacks
cement test. Test results are only obtainable in the field when same water (= clean) is used.
Causes for contamination:
Dirty rig tanks Left over chemicals/mud in lines and pumps Dirty displacement tanks
42 gal/bbl
42 gal/bbl
1664.95
42 gal/bbl
29.55 bbls
42 gal/bbl
1664.95 gal
42 gal/bbl
69.19 bbls
29.55 bbls
42 gal/bbl
1664.95 gal
39.64 bbls
42 gal/bbl Total mix water 69.19 bbls
13.84 bbls
Priming, washing up
20 bbls
Priming, washing up
20 bbls
103 bbls
Additives - Step E
Solid Additives Calculated as a % by weight of dry cement.
bulk cement
Subtract total amount of liquid additives from
42 Single Stage Cementing
= 817.8 lbs
= 67 gal
Mix fluid: 335sx x 4.97 gal/sk =1664.95 gal Mix water = Mix fluid - liquid additives
1664.95 gal - 67 gal = 38.1 bbl 42 gal/bbl
43 Single Stage Cementing
Displacement
To FLOAT COLLAR unless otherwise stated
2. GUIDE SHOE:
Displace to 20-30 before shoe
NEVER OVERDISPLACE
44 Single Stage Cementing
Displacement
To FLOAT COLLAR unless otherwise stated
2. GUIDE SHOE:
Displace to 20-30 before shoe
NEVER OVERDISPLACE
45 Single Stage Cementing
Mixing time + Displacement time + Plugs mixing time: Lead Tail 42.8 : 68.6 : 4 bpm 8bpm 10.5 mins 8.5 mins 11mins 9 mins
4510ft x 0.0361 bbl/ft = 162.8 bbl : 12 bpm 13.6 mins 14 mins 10 mins 44 mins
To allow a safe margin to do this job we expect at least 1 hr extra for the cement to be still pumpable after it is put in place. ie, 1hrs 44 mins
Examples - Example 1
Calculate : Slurry Volumes, Cement Volumes,
Mix Water, Additives, Displacement Job Time Well Data: 9 5/8 53.5 lb/ft casing, shoe at 9800, collar at 9760, OH 12 1/4 + 25% excess, previous casing 13 3/8 68 lb/ft at 2900
Slurries:
Class G @ 12.8 ppg 12% BWOC Bentonite 0.3% BWOC D13 Tail: 3 bpm 9800 - 9300 Class G Neat @ 15.8 ppg 0.05% BWOC D28 0.5% BWOC D65 Displacement: 8 bpm
48 Single Stage Cementing
Examples - Example 1
Calculate : Slurry Volumes, Cement Volumes,
Mix Water, Additives, Displacement Job Time Well Data: 9 5/8 53.5 lb/ft casing, shoe at 9800, collar at 9760, OH 12 1/4 + 25% excess, previous casing 13 3/8 68 lb/ft at 2900
13 3/8" , 68 lbs/ft
Sluuries:
Class G @ 12.8 ppg 12% BWOC Bentonite 0.3% BWOC D13 Tail: 3 bpm 9800 - 9300 Class G Neat @ 15.8 ppg 0.05% BWOC D28 0.5% BWOC D65 Displacement: 8 bpm
49 Single Stage Cementing
2
9300'
12 1/4" OH 9760'
3 4
3
9800'
Solution - Example 1
Capacities
CAS/CAS : 0.3354 cuft/ft CAS OH : 0.3132 cuft/ft CAS : 0.3973 cuft/ft , 0.0708 bbl/ft
1. Volumes
Solution - Example 1
Capacities
CAS/CAS : 0.3354 cuft/ft CAS OH : 0.3132 cuft/ft CAS : 0.3973 cuft/ft , 0.0708 bbl/ft
1. Volumes
Lead (1) 2900ft x 0.3354 cuft/ft (2) 9300ft - 2900ft x 0.3132
Tail (3) 9800ft - 9300ft x 0.3132 cuft/ft = 156.cuft (4) 40ft x 0.3973 cuft/ft = 15.9 cuft Excess 156.6 cuft x 0.25 = 39.2 cuft
Solution - Example 1
Capacities CAS/CAS :0.3354 CUFT/FT CAS OH :0.3132 CUFT/FT CAS : 0.3973 CUFT/FT, 0.0708 BBL/FT 1. Volumes
Lead (1) 2900ft x 0.3354 cuft/ft (2) 9300ft - 2900ft x 0.3132 = 972.7 cuft = 2004 cuft 501 cuft Tail (3) 9800ft - 9300ft x 0.3132 cuft/ft = 156.cuft (4) 40ft x 0.3973 cuft/ft = 15.9 cuft Excess 156.6 cuft x 0.25 = 39.2 cuft
3. Cement
Solution - Example 1
3477 cuft
2.165 cuft/sk
Lead : Tail :
211.7 cuft
1.15 cuft/sk
4. Mix Fluid
Lead : Tail :
53 Single Stage Cementing
21.8 bbls
Solution - Example 1
5. Additives
=
= 453 = 8.6
= 86
Solution - Example 1
6. Displacement 9760ft x 0.0708 bbl/ft = 691 bbls 7. Job Thickening Time Lead 3477 cuft = 124 min 5.6146 cuft/bbl x 5 bpm Tail : 211.7 cuft = 13 min 5.6146 cuft/bbl x 3 bpm Displacement: 691 bbls = 86 min 8 bpm Drop Plugs = 10 min Safety = 60 min 298 min Minimum TT is 4 hrs 53 min
Data :
Casing Open hole Cement : : :
Example 2
9 5/8, 53.5 lbs/ft, 8600 7, 29 lbs/ft, 14300 Float collar - 14230 8 1/2 Section from 10200 - 10800 : 9 Lead : - Top surface @ 7 bpm - G at 13.5 ppg - 0.05 gals/sk D109 - 0.1 gals/sk D80 - 8% BWOC - D20 Tail : - 250 sacks @ 5 bpm - Class G @ 15.7 ppg - 30% BWOC D66 - 0.1 gals/sk D81 - 0.5 gals/sk D603
Calculate :
Slurry Volume Cement Volume Mix water Additives Displacement @ 7 bpm Job Time
Solution - Example 2
9 5/8" , 53.5 lbs/ft
2 3 4 4
3
5 6
14300'
Capacities
Solution - Example 2
CAS OH : 0.1268 cuft/ft CAS : 0.2086 cuft/ft , 0.0371 bbl/ft
1. Volumes
Tail : Yield is 1.475 cuft/sk 250 sacks ---> 250 x 1.475 = 368.75 cuft Volume (5) + (6) = 368.75 cuft (6) = 70 x 0.2086 = 14.6 cuft (5) = 368.75 - 14.6 = 354.15 cuft Height in annulus 354.15 cuft = 2793 0.1268 cuft/ft 14300 - 2793' = 11, 507' Lead: Surface - 11, 507' (1) 8600 x 0.1301 = 1118.86 cuft (2) (10200 - 8600) x 0.1268 = 202.88 cuft (3) (10800 - 10200) x 0.1745 = 104.70 cuft (4) (11507 - 10800) x 0.1268 = 89.64 cuft Total Lead = 1516.1 cu ft
Solution - Example 2
Tail
Handbook : 13.5 ppg Class"G" 8% D20 Yield = 1.825 cuft/Sk 1516.1 cuft = 830.7 1.825 cuft/sack 250 sacks
831 sacks
: :
= =
Tail:
193.bbls - 124.6gal = 190.1 bbls 42gal/bbl 36.6bbls - 150gal = 33.0 bbls 42gal/bbl
Solution - Example 2
6. Displacement
14230ft' x 0.0371 bbl/ft = 527.9 bbl
7. Job Thickening Time : 270 bbls : 65.7 bbls : : : 5 bpm 7 bpm = = = 13.1 38.5 min min
Lead Tail
Plugs
Displacement 527.9 bbls Safety Margin
:
7 bpm :
=
75 =
10
min 60
min
min
Job Pressures
Example No 1
13 3/8" , 68 lbs/ft
12 1/4" OH 9760'
Mud
Find differential pressure
3 4
3
9800'
at end of Job
62 Single Stage Cementing
13 3/8" , 68 lbs/ft
2900'
2
9300'
12 1/4" OH 9760'
3 4
3
9800'
Primary Cement Job 9 5/8 Csg , 40 lbs/ft Shoe @ 9980 - Collar @ 9900 Tail slurry @ 15.8 ppg to 9480 Lead slurry @ 12.8 ppg to 2100 50 Bbls Chemical Wash ahead. Previous Casing 13 3/8 Csg ,77 lbs/ft Shoe @ 3150 12 1/4 OH - Assume 10% Excess. Find Lead, Tail and 64 Single Stage Cementing Displacement Volumes required.
1
2100
2
9480'
9 5/8", 40 lbs/ft
2
12 1/4" OH 9900' Tail Slurry @ 15.8 ppg 9980'
3 4
Capacities Csg/OH Ann = 0.0558 bbls/ft Csg/Csg Ann = 0.0564 bbls/ft 9 5/8 Csg cap (40 #/ft) = 0.0758 bbls/ft Tail volume = Vol of Shoe track + Vol outside csg (with XS) = 0.0758 x (9980 - 9900) + 0.0558 x (9980 - 9480) x 1.10 = 6.06 + 30.69 = 36.75 = 37 Bbls = 206.3 cuft Lead volume = Vol in Csg/OH Ann (with XS) + Vol in Csg/Csg Ann = 0.0558 x (9480 - 3150) x 1.10 + 0.0564 x (3150 - 2100) = 388.53 + 59.22 = 447.75 = 448 Bbls 65 Single Stage Cementing = 2514.04 cuft
13 3/8" , 77 lbs/ft
1
2100
2
9480'
9 5/8", 40 lbs/ft
2
12 1/4" OH 9900' Tail Slurry @ 15.8 ppg 9980'
3 4
Capacities Csg/OH Ann = 0.0558 bbls/ft Csg/Csg Ann = 0.0564 bbls/ft 9 5/8 Csg cap (40 #/ft) = 0.0758 bbls/ft Displacement volume = Csg Vol to float collar = 0.0758 x 9900 = 750 Bbls Differential pressure at end of Job : = Hydrostatic of Lead and tail cement columns + Hydrostatic of wash + Hydrostatic of remaining mud in annulus LESS Hydrostatic of displacing fluid + Hydrostatic of 66 Single Stage Cementing Tail cement in shoe joint
1
2100
2
9480'
9 5/8", 40 lbs/ft
2
12 1/4" OH 9900' Tail Slurry @ 15.8 ppg 9980'
3 4
Capacities Csg/OH Ann = 0.0558 bbls/ft Csg/Csg Ann = 0.0564 bbls/ft 9 5/8 Csg cap (40 #/ft) = 0.0758 bbls/ft Height of Chemical wash in Csg/Csg Ann = 50 / 0.0564 = 886 ft Height of Tail = 9980 - 9480 = 500 ft Height of Lead = 9480 - 2100 = 7380 ft Height of Chem Wash = 886 ft Remainder is Mud behind casing = 9900 - (420 + 7380 + 886) = 1214 ft 67 Single Stage Cementing
1
2100
2
9480'
9 5/8", 40 lbs/ft
2
12 1/4" OH 9900' Tail Slurry @ 15.8 ppg 9980'
3 4
Annulus hydrostatic is total of Cement slurries + Chem Wash + Mud : = 15.8 x 500 x 0.052 ( =Tail slurry) + 12.8 x 7380 x 0.052 ( = Lead slurry) + 8.4 x 886 x 0.052 (= Chem Wash) + 11.3 x 1214 x 0.052 ( Mud in Ann) = 410 + 4912 + 387 + 713 = 6423 psi Hydrostatic inside casing : = 11.3 x 9900 x 0.052 (=Mud, disp.) + 15.8 x 80 x 0.052 (=Tail slurry) = 5817 + 65.7 = 5883 psi Differential pressure at float collar : = psi outside csg - psi inside csg = 6423 - 5883 = 540 psi
1
2100
2
9480'
9 5/8", 40 lbs/ft
2
12 1/4" OH 9900' Tail Slurry @ 15.8 ppg 9980'
3 4