DEVELOPING ISLANDING ARRANGEMENT AUTOMATICALLY FOR GRID ON SENSING BAD VOLTAGE OR FREQUENCY
Under the Guidance of
Submitted by
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the development of a microcontroller based
islanding detection for grid connected inverter with very simple under/over voltage and under/over frequency islanding detection
algorithms.
The microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage and under/over frequency from utility grid and the processed value of voltage and
EXISTING SYSTEM
PROPOSED SYSTEM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
POWER SUPPLY
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51) 555 TIMER LM358 LM339 RELAYS BC547 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY LED IN4007 RESISTORS CAPACITORS
POWER SUPPLY
230 V AC 50 Hz Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator
5V DC
12V step down transformer Filter(470f)
MICROCONTROLLER
CPU
RAM ROM
A single chip
I/O Port
Serial Timer COM Port
Microcontroller
On-chip RAM
Timer 1 Timer 0
Counter Inputs
CPU
OSC
Bus Control
4 I/O Ports
Serial Port
P0 P1 P2 P3
TxD RxD
Address/Data
FEATURES OF AT89S51/52
Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
PIN DESCRIPTION
555 TIMER
The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications
The 555 has three operating modes: Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a "oneshot". Applications include timers, missing pulse detection, switches, touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc. Astable - free running mode: the 555 can operate as an
Pin 1 2 3
Purpose Ground, low level (0 V) OUT rises, and interval starts, when this input falls below 1/3 VCC. This output is driven to +VCC or GND.
4 5
6 7 8
RESET CTRL
THR DIS V+, VCC
A timing interval may be interrupted by driving this input to GND. "Control" access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3 VCC).
The interval ends when the voltage at THR is greater than at CTRL. Open collector output; may discharge a capacitor between intervals. Positive supply voltage is usually between 3 and 15 V.
The LM358 series consists of two independent, high gain; internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power
supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. Pin description
1 ) Output 1 2 )Inverting input
LM339( COMPARATOR)
The LM339 series was designed to directly interface with TTL and CMOS. When operated from both plus and minus power supplies, the LM339 series will directly interface with MOS logic where their low power drain is a distinct advantage over standard comparators.
FEATURES
RELAY
IT IS A ELECTRO MAGNETIC SWITCH
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch. NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on
The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor. It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
LCD BACKGROUND
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines
(3 control lines plus the 8 lines for the data bus) The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data) RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command) (When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ) R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD) (When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD)
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
Working of project
Islanding of grid is connected to inverter which is basically managing two
parameters voltage and frequency In the program it is so written that the output from 555 timer which is fed to
Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, realtime kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments,
evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.
Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.
i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like C will compile
the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86
(underlying microprocessor in the computer).
For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
FUTURE SCOPE
BIBILOGRAPHY
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson
Education.