CHAPTER 8

FOOD & BEVERAGE

Overview
Beverages sales are major part of the foodservice industry In many foodservice operations, beverages are the most important profit center Increase sales because they can be served at highly mark-up price. Do not require too many staff

Fine dining restaurant for example is expected to offer beverages that complement its menu & ambiance, and to prepare & serve these beverages as tradition dictates

Trends in Beverage Consumption

Throughout the 1990s & into 2000s, nonalcoholic beverage industry has seen relative stability, while the alcoholic beverage industry has undergone considerable change

Per capita consumption of soft drinks & bottled water in the US steadily increased between 1992 &2006. Per capita consumption is the most important indicator of the health of beverage industry, which is affected by fundamental business & societal trends (Societal acceptance of alcohol affect the consumption of beer, wine & spirits. Demographics shift decrease in number of children below 21 affect consumption of milk

NonAlcoholic Beverages
Basically, beverages can be divided into Categories: i. Non-alcoholic ii. Alcoholic

The term non-alcoholic drinks includes a wide variety of beverage items, from cold to hot & from simple to exotic. Increased awareness of fitness & a trend towards healthier lifestyles influence beverage purchase The economy can also affect beverage selection & sales, although soft drinks are affected less than more expensive drinks such as fine wines & spirits

1. Carbonated Soft Drinks

2. Coffee and Tea:

Non Alcoholic Beverages

5.Nonalcoholic Beer & Wine.

3. Bottled Water.

4. Juice Drinks

Carbonated Soft Drinks - Consumption rising.

Non Alcoholic Beverages

Juice Drinks
- Frozen Slushy drinks (margaritas, daiquiris - Mock tails (orange, pineapple base)

Bottled Water

Increased consumption due to health concern & aging believe that drinking water promotes general health. Acceptance of bottled water as premium products Attractive Packaging (spring with squirt top)

Non-alcoholic Beer & Wine

- Marketed to adult who enjoys taste of beer or wine (for health & social reason)

Coffee & Tea

In 1990s, Espresso bars were operated as free standing shops, kiosks & within restaurants operation New Trends in Coffee & Tea Products - Flavored - Coffee made from gourmet beans (Gourmet coffee chains (Starbucks started in 1971 in Seattle, today it has over 13,000 shops. Regarded as a healthy beverage containing half the caffeine of coffee, at the same time it aids muscle relaxation & stimulates the central nervous system Tea consumption has also begun to show the effects of a shift in consumer preferences (specialty tea)

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Alcohol is a naturally occurring and easily synthesized compound. Pure alcohol is colorless, volatile and flammable. Ethyl alcohol is the agent that induces intoxication when consumed

The overall consumption of alcoholic beverages has been flat, the sales of beer and wine has risen because consumers associate wine and beer with social occasions such as dining out.
There are type main groups of Alcohol Beverages: Fermented
Formed by the action of yeast on sugar-containing substances such as grain or fruit Wine (grapes) & Malt beverages (Beer) are two most common fermented beverages. GROUPS

Distilled
Known as spirits or liquor, are made from fermented product which is then put through a distillation process that recovers & adds additional alcohol Distilled beverages contains between 12 and 15 percent ethyl alcohol

Alcohol & Health French Paradox The French eat 30% more fat than Americans, smoke more, and exercise less, yet they suffer fewer heart attacks.

Additional studies continued to show that there's a possible health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption including decreased risk of heart disease, stroke & certain cancers

Bars & Taverns

Bars & Taverns that serve some food but specialize in alcoholic beverages offers little future growth . Taverns are more concern on food sales partly as a means to encourage sensible drinking habits & entertaining customers & increasing sales, Bars & lounges offer a wider variety of appetizers, munchies & casual dinners than ever before. Sport bars, complete with multiple big-screen TVs and sports memorabilia have grown in popularity as bar owners search for new concepts to attract customers.

Wines Discovery of wine was probably accidental, because alcohol is the result of natural fermentation process. Ancient farmer may have discovered wine After opening a sealed pottery containing juices of grapes he previously stored.

The Naming of Wines Wines are classified as either red or white. In US, wines are named by the name of grape (Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc & Riesling A wine is also identified by its vintage (year grapes were harvested)

Winemaking
Red Wines - Made from red grapes, coloring is derived from pigments in the grape skin. - The longer the skins are allowed to remain, the deeper the color of the wine

White Wines - Generally made from white grapes or other grape that produces white juice. - Red and black grapes can also be use to make white wine, as long as the skin is removed before fermentation.

Types of Wines
Wines are divided into four basic groups based on production methods:Table Wines or Still Wine Sparkling Wines Fortified Wines Aromatized or Flavored Wines

Table Wine or Still Wine

Table wine are the most commonly consumed wines. Wine is evaluated by its sweetness wine lacking sweetness is referred to as DRY and is more popular. There are three types of table wine:Red wine Burgundy & Bordeaux White wine Ctes du Rhne Ros wine Grenache Ros

Sparkling Wine

Types of grapes blend for making Champagnes Pinot noir (black) Pinot Meuniere Pinot Chardonnay

Famous Sparkling wine is Champagne.

Sparkling wine made in the Champagne region of France can be called Champagne.

Sparkling Wines
Usually

Typical wine making process followed by Used for special occasions; wedding, parties & etc. 1. Fermentation in the bottle. 2. Fermentation in vats & in bottle later.

served between 35 F to 40 F . 8-14 percent alcohol contain.

Fortified Wines
o Are wines that have been mixed with distilled spirit usually brandy during the wine making process o Made in dry or sweet styles. o Alcohol content is 17 to 22 percent.

Types of Fortified Wines

MADEIRA Madeira Island, Southwest Portugal aperitif to sweet wines consumed with dessert

SHERRY Spain from white grapes as an aperitif can be light or dark, dry or sweet.

Fortified Wines

PORT Portugal sweet red wine served as dessert wines

MARSALA best known in Sicily, Italy fortified and unfortified dry or sweet in styles better used in cooking than drinking

Flavored /Aromatized Wines

o Flavored wines are those with added flavoring substances ( FRUIT OR HERB) o Based from red and white wines that have been altered with natural substances for additional flavoring. (herbs, spices & peels) o To provide variety in taste or to hide imperfections of the wine. o Alcohol content 15 to 20 percent.

o Aromatized wines such as Vermouth from Italy and France.

o Often served in combination with alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage as cocktails.

Wine-Producing Regions
FRANCE ITALY

WINEPRODUCING REGIONS

GERMANY SOUTH AMERICAN COUNTRIES PERU, ARGENTINA. CHILE

AUSTRALIA

SPAIN & PORTUGAL

UNITED STATES

FOOD & WINE PAIRING The following general apply to selection of wines with Foods: White Wines Fish, fowl, egg entrees Red Wines Red meat Sparkling Wines can go with any course, depending on individual preferences. Appetizers and Dessert Wines stimulates appetite & freshen the palate , serve after a meal

Alcoholic Beverage made by distillation

Distilled Beverages are known as Spirits

Spirits have a higher concentration of alcohol than either wine or beer

LIQUORS

Distillation is the process of converting liquid into vapor by heating the condensing vapor back into liquid form.

Liqueurs - cordials

Whiskey Scotch Irish Rye Bourbon

Brandy Distilled wine or distilled of fermented fruit. Liquor made from grapes. Cognac is the type of brandy.

Types of Distilled Liquors

Rum Made from fermented juices of sugarcane.

Gin Made primarily from corn & barley Derive distinctive flavor from mixture of juniper berries , coriander seeds, almond, ginger, cinnamon. Licorice & caraway

Vodka

Made from grains or starches; barley, corn, rye, wheat and potatoes.

An ideal thirst quencher, fizzy & refreshing inexpensive drink low alcohol content & easily digested.

General term for ales, lagers and stout.

Malted Beverages (Beer)

Malt Beverage. Alcoholic carbonated beverage. Three basic raw materials; barley malt, water and hops fermented with yeast.

1st large commercial brewery owned by William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania.

Oldest alcoholic beverage.

Risk Management Designated Driver Programs Responsible drinking. Alcohol management Server training.

Liquor Legislation - Minimum legal drinking age

- Driving under influence of alcohol

Laws designed to

restrict possible violence and damage caused by alcohol abuse, liquor liability and legislation.

Risk Management & Liquor Liability

Wine Storage
Wine behaves like a living organism, has a life cycle; it is born, it matures, it may get sick & recover, & it may die

For a wine to be at its best when opened, it must be stored properly

Wine is best stored in a dark, well-ventilated, insulated & temperature controlled room (55 - 60F) Wines should be stored horizontally, this will keep the corks moist & prevent it from shrinking A shrunken cork allows air to enter & it will spoil the wine Wine labels should face up toward the ceiling, so that the wine can be identified without moving the bottle

Bottles should be stored horizontally in a cool, dark location to prevent the corks from drying out & to preserve the quality of the wine

Brandy Glass
Cognac glass Commonly used in France

Large snifter or brandy balloon

Small snifter or brandy balloon

Used to serve liqueurs

Used to serve Cognac & brandy that has been aged in wooden casks

Special Used Glassware

Old fashioned Used for scotch & other whiskeys served with only ice

Cocktail glass

Irish coffee glass

A tulip shaped glass for Irish coffee (Irish with whiskeys & whipped cream Shot glass Used to serve individual portions of various liquors & to measure the liquor used in cocktails

Beer Glass

Short beer glass For tap & bottled beer

Tall beer glass Normally for draft beer

Beer tankard A thick walled glass or ceramic or stein for draft or bottled beer Beer tulip Also known as dimple

Pilsner beer glass

For draft & bottled beer

THE END OF CHAPTER

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