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Introduction to 3G

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the overview of 3G UMTS and its Functions Know the Basic Architecture of 3G

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What is 3G?
3G refers to the third generation of mobile telephony (that is, cellular) technology. The third generation, as the name suggests, follows two earlier generations.

The first generation (1G) began in the early 80's with commercial deployment of Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) cellular networks. Early AMPS networks used Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (FDMA) to carry analog voice over channels in the 800 MHz frequency band. The second generation (2G) emerged in the 90's when mobile operators deployed two competing digital voice standards. In North America, some operators adopted IS-95, which used Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) to multiplex up to 64 calls per channel in the 800 MHz band. Across the world, many operators adopted the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) standard, which used Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) to multiplex up to 8 calls per channel in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands.

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What will be the benefit of 3G to users?

Access to any services anywhere, anytime, from only one terminal. There will be no boundaries between communication, information, media and entertainment. Mobility will be offered with many services that we currently regard as "fixed" Well be able to make video calls to the office and surf the Net simultaneously, or play interactive games with friends at home
3G is designed to deliver: A wide range of market-focused applications Long-term market-driven creativity, an innovative value chain and real user benefits, driving genuine market demand Advanced, lightweight, easy-to-use terminals with intuitive interfaces Instant, real-time multimedia communications Global mobility and roaming A wide range of vendors and operators, offering choice, competition and affordability High-speed e-mail and Internet access

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3G System
3G Systems are intended to provide a global mobility with wide range

of services including telephony, paging, messaging, Internet and broadband data . (3GPP) was formed to continue the technical specification
work. 3GPP has fo main UMTS standardization areas: Radio Access Network, Core Network, Terminals, Services and System Aspects

3GPP Radio Access group is responsible of:

Radio Layer 1, 2 and 3 RR specification Iub, Iur and Iu Interfaces UTRAN Operation and Maintenance requirements BTS radio performance specification Conformance test specification for testing of radio aspects of base stations Specifications for radio performance aspects from the system point of view

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3GPP Core Network group is responsible of:

Mobility management, call connection control signalling between the user equipment and the core network. Core network signalling between the core network nodes. Definition of interworking functions between the core network and external networks. Packet related issues. Core network aspects of the lu interface and Operation and Maintenance requirements 3GPP Terminal group is responsible of:

Service capability protocols Messaging Services end-to-end interworking USIM to Mobile Terminal interface Model/framework for terminal interfaces and services (application) execution

Conformance test specifications of terminals, including radio aspects

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3GPP Services and System Aspects group is responsible of:

Definition of services and feature requirements. Development of service capabilities and service architecture for

cellular, fixed and cordless applications.

Charging and Accounting Network Management and Security Aspects Definition, evolution, and maintenance of overall architecture

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3G frequency

For DMPI UL (UARFCN) = 9688 DL (UARFCN) = 10638

UARFCN - UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number, where UTRA stands for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access where UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telephony System

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UMTS Architechture

A UMTS network consist of three interacting domains; Core Network (CN), UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and User Equipment (UE). The main function of the core network is to provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic. Core network also contains the databases and network management functions.

The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSM network with GPRS. All equipment has to be modified for UMTS operation and services. The UTRAN provides the air interface access method for User Equipment. Base Station is referred as Node-B and control equipment for Node-B's is called Radio Network Controller (RNC).

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Core Network
The Core Network is divided in circuit switched and packet switched

domains. Some of the circuit switched elements are Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC), Visitor location register (VLR) and Gateway MSC. Packet switched elements are Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, VLR and AUC are shared by both domains.

Radio Access
Wide band CDMA technology was selected to for UTRAN air interface.

UMTS WCDMA is a Direct Sequence CDMA system where user data is multiplied with quasi-random bits derived from WCDMA Spreading codes. In UMTS, in addition to channelisation, Codes are used for synchronization and scrambling. WCDMA has two basic modes of operation: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).
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Radio Access Functions

The functions of Node-B are: Air interface Transmission / Reception Modulation / Demodulation CDMA Physical Channel coding Micro Diversity Error Handing Closed loop power control The functions of RNC are: Radio Resource Control Admission Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handover Control Macro Diversity Ciphering Segmentation / Reassembly Broadcast Signalling Open Loop Power Control

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(UE) User Equipment

The UMTS standard does not restrict the functionality of the User Equipment in any way. Terminals work as an air interface counter part for Node-B and have many different types of identities. Most of these UMTS identity types are taken directly from GSM specifications. International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI) Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (P-TMSI) Temporary Logical Link Identity (TLLI) Mobile station ISDN (MSISDN) International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) International Mobile Station Equipment Identity and Software Number (IMEISV) UMTS mobile station can operate in one of three modes of operation:

PS/CS mode of operation: The MS is attached to both the PS domain and CS domain, and the MS is capable of simultaneously operating PS services and CS services. PS mode of operation: The MS is attached to the PS domain only and may only operate services of the PS domain. However, this does not prevent CS-like services to be offered over the PS domain (like VoIP). CS mode of operation: The MS is attached to the CS domain only and may only operate services of the CS domain. All rights reserved Page 12

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2G and 3G Layout

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Thank You
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