Sedative-Hypnotic drugs
[Definitions]
Sedative-Hypnotics: Assignment of a
drug to the sedative-hypnotic class indicates
that its major therapeutic use is to cause
sedation (with concomitant relief of anxiety) or
to encourage sleep.
[Definations]
• 2. Barbiturates
1.CNS depression
Barbiturates
[Classification]
1.Ultra-short-acting:
Duration of action is about 30’, e.g. thiopental.
2.Short-acting:
2-3 hours, e.g. secobarbital.
3.Intermediate-acting:
3-6 hours,e.g. pentobarbital.
4.Long-acting:
6-8 hours, e.g. Phenobarbital.
Pharmacokinetics
Oral administration are absorbed rapidly.
Duration of action depends on metabolic
degradation, degree of lipid solubility and
extent of binding to serum proteins. Lipid
solubility plays a major role.
Pharmacokinetics
Enzyme induction:induce hepatic microsomal
drug-metabolizing enzymes, especially
phenobarbital.
(1) leads to tolerance.
(2) Diminishes the action of many drugs (e.g
phenytoin)
Pharmacokinetics
2. Dependence
Physiology dependence
Psychological dependence
Adverse reactions
3.Poisoning
Paraldehyde
It is used for patients with hepatic or
renal failure because it is mainly
eliminated via the lungs.