The intensified Indonesias selective logging and planting system (TPTII 2005)

Introduction
There is an idea to improve productivity of the production natural forests. Save biodiversity: non timber forest products. Introducing meranti plantation in form of line planting. Using of genetically more productive meranti tree species, breeding, improving yield 5x. 1. Shorea leprosula, 2. Shorea johorensis, 3. Shorea platyclados, 4. Shorea macrophylla, 5. Shorea parvifolia, 6. Shorea selanica, dan 7. Shorea smithiana

Objectives
Forest management unit: 30 yrs x 1000 ha/yr = 30,000 ha nett. Yield target rotation 30 yrs: 160 trees/ha, d = 50 cm, v = 400 m3/ha. High productivity, location good soil, good accessibility, more areas for conservation and protection, keep genetic resources, recreation, education, etc.

Area arrangement and inventory

Forest management unit divided into Forest sub district, Forest Resort, Compartment, Subcompartment. Inventory: topographical survey, stand density. Forest opening: planning of base camp and road construction. Road: width 8-12 m, slope < 10%, connected, erosion control. Planning of planting line. Plant material preparation: cutting.

Site preparation
3m
1.5 m

17 m
2.5 m

Natural stand

Fall direction

20 m
Line spacing

Plant spacing: 20 m x 2,5 m. Plant strip width 3 m, clean. Planting hole prepared 1 week before planting, 40x40x30 cm, fill with compos.

Cutting preparation always closed, hum

One crew group should be 9 persons

Planting hole filled with compost

3 months old planting line

2 yrs planting line

2 Yrs S. leprosula

5 yrs S. leprosula

Planting
Plant material: height > 30 cm, hardened off, free from pest/diseases. Material collection: shaded, watered. Planting in rainy season. Plant right angle, no root damaged. Mulching.

Young plantation tending

Weeding and mulching

Clean planting line, keep natural regeneration. Cutting of climber, shrubs. Not in dry season. Weeding procedure:
1st yr: 4 x in the planting line. 2nd yr: 3 x in the planting line. 3rd yr: 2 x area totally. 4th yr: 1 x area totally.

Mulching: put slashed weeds around the crop plants. In 2nd yr plantation. Felling of small woody plants d < 10 cm, if d > 10 cm poisoning.

Liberation

Replanting of dead plants

In the 1st month, ended in the 1st yr. Inventory of existence pest and diseases attack. Use the same plant dimension prepared in nursery. Replanting in the rainy season.

Fertilizing
Only for inferior grow plants. Element and doses according to: Soil analysis ??? Ecological consideration ??? Financial consideration.

Pest and disease control

Lack of information on the pest and diseases to meranti plantation. Soil worm. Stem borer. Still no effective measures to overcome the problem.

Monitoring
To avoid fire, herbivores, wood stealing, land conflict.

3/9-08

Thinning (planning)

- To concentrate stand growth to the 150 - 200 crop trees/ha. - Remove damaged and sick trees. - Remove impeder tree which crown shaded the crop trees. - Not to remove lower trees. - The crown of the crop trees should be free from shading and pressure another trees. - Thinning apllied 2 times at the age of 5 and 10 yr. - Thinning is done if all 150 200 trees/ha already free from shading or pressure.

Plantation protection
Against fire: Establishment of fire belt 8 12 m width between compartment. Extension to the local community to protect the forest against fire. Establishment of towers to monitor forest fire. To set fire control group to monitor and mobilization people against fire. Building of water ponds, one for 100 ha. To built communication tools/system against forest fire.

Wood harvesting (planning)

Avoid soil compacting to serve next plant generation. Selective logging with d > 50/60 cm. Efficient and environmental friendly: Integrated planning for area arrangement and harvesting. Road lay out should be based on planned harvesting method. Harvest plan should be based on large scale contour map. Planned felling direction should be inline with skidding track plan. Harvesting method suitable for existing topography and communitys skill. Harvesting should apply reduced impact logging (RIL) principle.

Felling Felling tools recommended middle and heavy weight chainsaw completed with pengungkit atau baji to support felling direction of the tree. Felling direction is in line with planting line or in form of fish bone to skidding track. Trimming Logs cutting are done in the forest stand, to convert logs into short wood or long wood. Skidding Recommended skidding method is skidder method and skiline yarding method. Skidder system uses wheel skidder in form of tire wheeled tractor, with high floatation and low ground pressure machine, completed with winch and arch or arch integral or fair lead with high density cable diameter 7/8 inch and cable choker.

Minimize skidding tracking along the planting line, That no soil compaction there. In this case, skidding track established only in the natural forest stand, not in the planting line. Recommended cable system are those which medium up to long distance (600-1200 m), especially mobile system.

Log yard
Loading and unloading in the log yard use medium loader machines.

Wood hauling
Hauling through the land use medium trailer truck. Whereas transportation through river use barge with tug boat.